E. Technique of Collecting Data
The techniques of collecting the data used in this research are: 1.
Test The test used in this study is pre-test and post-test. The pre-test was done
before implementing the technique. It is to know the students’ ability and their difficulties in reading narrative text. It was given to the students before giving the
treatment using jigsaw technique. Meanwhile, the post-test is implemented after using the jigsaw technique. In this study, the test was used
to know the students’ ability in reading the materials after being taught using jigsaw technique. The test
was done in form of multiple choices.
F. Technique of Analyzing Data
To analyze the data, the writer used t-test. The writer compared the score between the experimental class and the control class. This technique is useful to
prove statistically which is more effective using Jigsaw technique or using Expository Technique.
To find out the differences of students’ score in using Jigsaw compared to the students’ score that used Expository Technique, the writer used t-test formula, as
follows:
t
o
= M
1
– M
2
SEM
1
– M
2
t
o
= t - Observation M
1
= Mean of Variable X Variable I M
2
= Mean of Variable Y Variable II SEM
1
= Standard Error of mean Variable X SEM
2
=Standard Error of mean Variable X
And after getting mean differences of variables, the writer had to find out the standard of deviation of variable and standard error mean of variable by using
formula as follows:
1. Determining Mean I with formula
Mean Variable I = 2.
Determining Mean II with formula Mean Variable II =
3. Determining of Standard Deviation of Variable I
SD
x
=
√
4. Determining of Standard Deviation of Variable II
SD
y
=
√
5. Determining Standard of Error Mean of Variable I
SEMx =
√
6. Determining Standard of Error Mean of Variable II
SEMy =
√
7. Determining Standard of Error Mean of Variable I
SEMx – My
=
√
8. Determiningt
o
with formula
t
o
= M
x
– M
y
SEM
x
– M
y
9. Determining t – table in significance level 5 and 1 with df.
df = N2+ N1 – 2
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