C. Method of Research
The method which used in this study is experimental study which the experiment class and control class were conducted by the writer. In this research,
the experimental class is taught using Jigsaw technique and the control class is
taught using Expository Technique. D. Instrument of the Research
The instrument of the research was the test of narrative text to know students’
score in learning narrative text. The test had been given twice, the pre-test and the post-test. It consists of 20 questions. The form of the test is multiple choice
questions with various items. The items are topic and main idea, pronoun referent, vocabulary item, inference or implied information, restatement or stated detailed
information, and unstated detailed information, and schematic features.
Table 3.1 The Test Items
No Narrative text
Question Number Total
1 Main idea
1,7,13 3
2 Pronoun referent
8,17 2
3. Generic structure
2,3,18 3
4 Social function
5 1
5 Restatement
4,6,12 3
6 Unstated
detailed information
11,15 2
7 Kind of text
20 1
8. Characters
9,10,14,19 4
9. Setting
16 1
20
E. Technique of Collecting Data
The techniques of collecting the data used in this research are: 1.
Test The test used in this study is pre-test and post-test. The pre-test was done
before implementing the technique. It is to know the students’ ability and their difficulties in reading narrative text. It was given to the students before giving the
treatment using jigsaw technique. Meanwhile, the post-test is implemented after using the jigsaw technique. In this study, the test was used
to know the students’ ability in reading the materials after being taught using jigsaw technique. The test
was done in form of multiple choices.
F. Technique of Analyzing Data
To analyze the data, the writer used t-test. The writer compared the score between the experimental class and the control class. This technique is useful to
prove statistically which is more effective using Jigsaw technique or using Expository Technique.
To find out the differences of students’ score in using Jigsaw compared to the students’ score that used Expository Technique, the writer used t-test formula, as
follows:
t
o
= M
1
– M
2
SEM
1
– M
2
t
o
= t - Observation M
1
= Mean of Variable X Variable I M
2
= Mean of Variable Y Variable II SEM
1
= Standard Error of mean Variable X SEM
2
=Standard Error of mean Variable X
And after getting mean differences of variables, the writer had to find out the standard of deviation of variable and standard error mean of variable by using
formula as follows:
Kategori