Articulatory simplification Spelling pronunciation

Old English Modern English Word na:ma ne m name sticca st k stick c Aphaeresis or apheresis atata tata “Aphaeresis refers to changes which delete the initial sound usually a vowel of a word Campbell, 2004: 34”. For example in Spanish language in the word ahora becomes hora which means now. 4 Sound Addition asta asata Sound addition also knows as epentheses or insertions. It is a process in which phonological rules can add the entire phonemic segment Fromkin and Rodman, 1975: 104. The loss of sounds is a very common kind of sound change, but sounds are sometimes added rather than dropped. The example is taken form the word something [s Λ mp θI ŋ k ] rather than [s Λ mp θI ŋ]. In sound change, sound could be inserted in several different ways. a Prothesis tata atata “Prothesis is a kind of sound addition in which a sound is inserted at the beginning of a word Campbell, 2004: 35”. For example in French language in the word scola which is inserted the sound [e] becomes escola means school. b Anaptyxis or anaptyctic VCCV VCVC “Anaptyxis is a kind of sound addition in which an extra vowel is inserted between two consonants Campbell, 2004: 36”. For example in the words athlete [æ θli:t] as [æθəli:t] and in the word film [f lm] as [f ləm] which are added with the extra vowel [ ə]. c Excrescence amra ambra “Excrescence is a type of a sound addition which refers to a consonant being inserted between other consonants Campbell, 2004: 36”. d Paragoge tat tata “Paragoge is added a sound usually a vowel to the end of a word Campbell, 2004: 37”. 5 Metathesis asta atsa “Metathesis is the transposition of sound which is a change in which sounds exchange position with one another within a word Campbell, 2004: 39”. Metathesis does not involve the loss or addition of sounds, or a change in the appearance of a particular sound. Metathesis is simply a change in the order of the sounds. For example, the words ask [æsk] is pronounced as [æks]. 6 Diphthongization “Diphthongization refers to any change in which an original single vowel changes into a sequence of two vowel segments which to gather occupy the nucleus of a single syllable Campbell, 2004: 42”. For example in Spanish language the vowel [ ] and [ ] diphthongizied to ie and ue as in the word p tra becomes piedra mean stone, b no becomes bueno means good. 7 Monophthongization According to Campbell, monophthongization is the changed of diphthong into a single vowel 2004: 42. For example in the monophthongization of [ai] to [a:] before r in some dialects as in fire [fa ə] becomes [fa:r] and tire [ta ə] becomes [ta:r]. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI