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L’etre–pour–soi is it is what it is not. Sartre believes that human being
defines himself and makes himself. Hence, human being is is not. Human being can be is and will be. In this definition, Sartre divides l’etre–pour–soi into two
things; they are reflective and non-reflective consciousness. Non-reflective
consciousness is used by human being in his daily activity. There is no I in this consciousness. Sartre 1956 says, “The consciousness of man in action is non-
reflective consciousness p. 36.” Besides that, there is I in the reflective
consciousness. I becomes the object of reflective consciousness, and when human
being thinks to the other object, it moves to non-reflective consciousness. In reflective consciousness, human being faces to several things he can do. He does
not only think what he did long time ago, but also he thinks what he is doing now and what he will do. He is free to do everything he wants. Therefore, he meets
anxiety and suffering. Sartre 1956 says,”Anguish then is the reflective apprehension of freedom by itself
p. 39.”
b. Freedom
Existentialism is concerned with attitudes toward life, especially attitudes upon what he is going to act or do Kuncara, 2005, p. 39. In this absurd world,
which means there is no meaning, human being realizes that he has freedom; however, freedom is not the character of human being, but freedom is human
being itself Boss in Hall C.S. and Gardner L., 1993. Human being then defines himself. He has right to make liberty of choice of what to do. In the book
Eksistensialisme dan Humanisme, Sartre 2002 says, “Man is nothing else but
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what he makes of himself p. 44.” Human being is existence precedes essence.
He is not is. He always becomes is and will be, nothing but he dies.
Human being is condemned to be free 1956, p. 439. The freedom to choose what to brings human being to face the anxiety or anguish. In every act he
does, he always meets the options and then he must choose. The anguish of freedom is really anguished over the fact that one must choose Sartre in Nugroho,
2012, p. 52. In every choice, human being suffers; however, he also creates the world Donald D. Palmer, 2003, p. 120.
c. Responsibility
In the book Eksistensi dan Humanisme, Sartre 2002 says that Human being has responsibility toward every choice he chooses p. 47. He is responsible
for himself, but that he is responsible for all human beings. What he chose is the best choice; and there is no better choice for him, nothing but the better choices
for all human beings. Human being cannot take the responsibility to the other human being, even
to God because he has decided what to do by himself. It can make him anxiety and suffer. However, they, anxiety and suffering, are the pure and humble
suffering; and human being who faces the anxiety and suffering is human being who can be responsible toward what he has chosen. If human being does not
suffer, he must cover his suffering Sartre, 2002, p. 53. Thus, human being who can take the responsibility is not a child who is under 5 years old and people who
is mentally ill Nugroho, 2012, p. 84.
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6. Theory of Symbol
