11 helped to shape one’s character. It may be in the form of a direct comment by the
playwright, through the person’s thought through the conversation or through the medium of another.
The fifth is conversation. The playwright can take clues to one’s character through the conversation of the other people and the things they say about him or
her. When people think about the others, they often give clues about one’s character that they are talking about.
The sixth is reaction. The playwright may give the readers clue to one’s character through how she or he reacts to various situations and events. Through
the way a character reacts to situations and events, the readers can understand the characteristic within him or her.
The seventh is direct comment. This is the simplest way because the playwright describes or comments a one’s character directly. The reader can also
understand easily by reading the story. The eighth is thought. The playwright gives the readers knowledge of what
one character is thinking about. In reality, people cannot do this because people cannot know what the others are thinking about. However in reading the story, the
readers can know everything what the character is thinking about. The ninth is mannerism. The playwright can describe one’s mannerism and
habits which may also tell the readers something about the one’s character. Thus, the readers can infer one’s character from what and how he or she behaves.
4. Theory of Absurdity
12 In an era of wars, when death is most visible, Albert Camus defines that
life
lost all its meaning. In the book The Myth of Sisyphus, Albert Camus 1955 defines the notion of absurdity as follows:
“A world that can be explained by reasoning, however faulty, is a familiar world. But in a universe that is suddenly deprived of illusions of light, man
feels a stranger. His is an irremediable exile, because he is deprived of memories of a lost homeland as much as he lacks the hope of a promised
land to come. This divorce between man and his life, the actor and his setting, truly constitutes the feeling of Absurdity.” p. 5
Moreover, Ionesco says that the absurd is living in the world with no purpose; man is lost Barbe, 2012. The absurd expresses a fundamental disharmony, a
tragic incompatibility, in our existence. Moreover, the absurd is not a man nor in the world, but in their presence together. Camus adds that absurd is only bond
uniting them. Hence, human being finds the predicament in his life. Camus adds that the absurdity can attack suddenly. Absurd can be seen when human beings
realize about his condition. Human being will find this absurdity in his daily life and it becomes the object. The awareness of the object brings human being to the
unexplainable situation between human beings and the world. Soriano 2009 says when human beings realize the mechanically routine of life, it means that he has
experienced the absurdity p. 24. Still according to Camus 1955, a realization to encounter the absurd, the absurd leaves choices for all human beings; they are
suicide, leap of faith and recognition. The first choice is suicide which is simple but fooly. However, Camus
calls this suicide as a physical suicide. Suicide is a confession to declare that life
13 is not worth living. Hence, human being can simply choose to kill himself. It is a
repudiation of life p. 6. The second choice is leap of faith. It means that the religious solution of
positing a transcendent world of solace and meaning beyond absurd p. 7. In simple way, the religious believer removes culpable world, replaces then with
more agreeable alternatives. The last is recognition. It means that the human being just accepts the
absurdity and it is better to continue living. Absurd cannot be avoided; the only proper response to the absurd is that being brave or courageous to accept. Human
being must be lived all the better if it has no meaning p. 8. Camus emphasizes human being to be brave to fight a battle, although he
understands he cannot win on it. He should keep struggling with wit, grace, compassion for others and even a sense of mission in facing the absurd world.
Hence, Soriano 2009 states that human being must be an absurd hero, a hero whose is facing the absurdity with all his integrities p. 24.
5. Theory of Existentialism
