it was the center of economic era of Golden Twenties. This place better than the Middle West, the east brings promises, chances, and challenges. The story takes place during
1922. At that time the concept of the American Dream has attracted a lot of immigrants from another country to the America with promises of prosperity and happiness.
B. Approach of the Study
The approach used in this study is structuralism approach. According to Guerin…[et al], structuralism has been applied to linguistics, psychology, sociology,
anthropology, folklore, mythology, and Biblical studies, in fact to all social and cultural phenomena. Structuralism is scientific and objective. It identifies structures, systems of
relationships, which endow signs for example words or items for example clothes, cars, table manners, rituals with identities and meanings, and shows the reader the ways in
which we think. 2011:169. According to Guerin, structuralists emphasize that description of any
phenomenon or artifact without placement in the broader systems that generate it is misleading if not impossible. Accordingly, they have categories like plot, character,
setting, theme, tone and the like. Even more significantly, however, structuralists tend to deny the text any inherent privilege, meaning, or authority; to them the text is only a
system that poses the question of how such a construct of language can contain meaning for the reader. 2011:169.
The structuralists have encouraged the reader to reread, rethink, and restudy all literary works and to equate them with all other cultural and social phenomena; for
example language, landscaping, architecture, kinship, marriage customs, fashion, furniture, and politics 2011:169
According to Levi-Strauss, in structuralism the base of interpretation is the common interpretive language of a certain generation that is made of signs and symbols
and in which the members of that language community share. Depending on their backgrounds and viewpoints, two certain readers may react differently to a same literary
text. Although the revised text produced by a structuralist analyst is not as genuine as that of the original writer, in the examination of the new culture it is the analyst who
holds the primary position. What the author has created as concept, the structuralist critic deals with as sign, and he reads the text as a cultural production that is
manufactured according to various perceptions, routines, and traditions of that culture. Structuralism is an intrinsic reading that is free from subjectivity. And the structuralist
critic searches in the text for order and coherence and meaning, while the goal is to provide an objective criticism of the text. Structuralists transverses barriers of time and
interest and tries not to be trapped by their prejudices and partialities. Yet, the text leads them to topics or the culturally-constructed sites of meaning that underlay the ways we
think and talk about the things of our culture. 2013:288 Through this approach, the writer rereads, rethinks, and restudies all literary
works and to equate them with the pattern in society relating to the social phenomena, which is various perceptions, routines and traditions of the culture. Therefore this study
focuses on the social phenomena especially the pattern of the society in America, which is to find the material prosperity, wealth, success, and happiness. Those are the idea of
