nursing, uncertainty about patients’ treatment, behavioral disengagement and positive reframing Li Lambert, 2008. A study on Korean nurses found that routinization had a
significant relationship on nurses’ job satisfaction Seo et al., 2004. In order to reduce workplace stress, different methods are applied in different unit. A
study found that the use of medication nursing assistant MNA reduced job stress and increase job satisfaction. The MNA role is accepted by nurse leaders and viewed as benefit
Walker, 2008. A study on staff nurses in orthopedic unit found that application of Rapid Response Team RRT as an approach to patient care was significantly important in the
orthopedic nurse job satisfaction and an effective recruitment and retention tool nurses in the orthopedic arena Metcalf, Scott, Ridgway, Gibson, 2008. In another unit found that
reallocating work in a more patient-centered way contributed to the higher job satisfaction Morgan Lynn, 2008. Moreover, a study found that nurses’ job satisfaction improved
significantly with the transition from a “mandatory consultation” to a “semi-closed” surgical intensive care unit SICU critical care delivery model Halm et al., 2005.
5.1.5. Salary
Salary is one contributing factors to the job satisfaction. Some research found different level of contribution to the nurses’ job satisfaction. In their study, it found that pay
is one of most important components related to the nurses’ job satisfaction Best Thurston, 2006; Willem et al., 2007. However, performance-related pay allows increased opportunities
for nurses optimization but does not generally demotivate workers or crowd out intrinsic motivation Coomber Barriball, 2007; Green Heywood, 2008; Seo et al., 2004. The
traditional satisfiers pay and benefit are not the principle satisfiers of recent nurses Morgan Lynn, 2008, and pay was contributed little to job satisfaction Bjørk et al., 2007; Cowin,
Johnson, Craven, Marsh, 2008.
5.1.6. Relationship with peers
Interaction has an important contribution to nurses’ job satisfaction Bjørk et al., 2007; Curtis, 2007. A study found that the quality of relationship with physician and co-
workers related to job satisfaction Arikan, Koksal, Gokce, 2007. Nurses were more satisfied with open, accurate, and understanding communication with the physician, and
preferred communicating with attending-level physicians than with first year residents Manojlovich Antonakos, 2008. However, it was found that some nurses felt less satisfied
with intra-practicecollegiality Schiestel, 2007.
Universitas Sumatera Utara
5.1.7. Personal life
Nurses’ personal life was found as one factor contributed to nurses’ job satisfaction in different aspects. It was found that job satisfaction in younger generation nurses is lower than
older generation nurses due to decision making, job schedule, education, and career development Wilson, Squires, Widger, Cranley, Tourangeau, 2008. The result also
supports a study which found that age and the number of years working in the hospital significantly correlated with job dissatisfaction Halm et al., 2005.
A study on nurses in mental health services found that factors influencing levels of job satisfaction predominantly related to the nurses work location, other factors influencing
job satisfaction included choice of work location, work routine, off dutystaff allocation arrangements, teamwork and working environment Ward Cowman, 2007.
A study result on Filipino nurses showed a moderate positive correlation between acculturation that leaned toward the American culture and job satisfaction Ea, Griffin,
LEplattenier, Fitzpatrick, 2008. A study on Nurse Practitioners found that personal factors, particularly those related to quality of care and respect Miller, Apold, Baas, Berner,
Levine-Brill, 2005. A literature review study found that stress influence on job satisfaction Coomber
Barriball, 2007. Furthermore, a study on Turkish hospital nurses found that higher levels of job satisfaction were associated with positive coping strategies Golbasi, Kelleci, Dogan,
2008. Another study also found that personality traits, personality characteristics, and role stress predicted 24.8 of the variance in job satisfaction Chen et al., 2007.
5.2. Intrinsic factors
