HE DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATIVE LEARNING MATERIAL THERMOCHEMISTRY WITH ACTIVE LEARNING AND MULTIMEDIA.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATIVE LEARNING MATERIAL THERMOCHEMISTRY WITH ACTIVE

LEARNING AND MULTIMEDIA

By:

Marianna Silaban Reg. Number 4123131055

Bilingual Chemistry Education Study Program

A THESIS

Submitted to Fulfill The Requirement for Getting The Degree of Sarjana Pendidikan

FACULTY MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCES

STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN

MEDAN

2016

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THE DE VELO PME NT O F I NNO VAT I VE LE ARNING MATE RI AL THE RMOCHEMISTRY WITH ACTI VE

LEARNI NG AND MULTI MEDI A Marianna Silaban (NIM 4123131055)

ABSTRACT

The development of Innovative Learning Material Thermochemistry with Active Learning and Multimedia is explained. The study is aimed to develop and to standarize learning material on thermochemistry to meet standard based on BSNP and suited with curriculum 2013 by integrate some medias, and to know response of lecture and student in aspect of content, language, presentation and format of innovative learning material has been made. The learning material was developed by enrichment learning material by integrate laboratory activity related of chemistry experiment in scope of thermochemistry through video learning, link websites to relevant material. The material is designed in printed and electronic form. The study conducted by development, innovation that support active learning by involve multimedia in learning material which arranged based on syllabus in curriculum 2013, and followed by standarization of BSNP standard and trial by chemistry lecturer and students in SHS. The results showed that Innovative Learning Material Thermochemistry With Active Learning and Multimedia have been developed well. The Learning material Thermochemistry consist of 2 sub topic, successively are: (1) Exothermic and Endothermic Reaction, (2) Enthalphy Changes that consist of : Standard Enthalphy Change, Calorimeter, Hess’s Law, and Bond Energy. Based on standardization by chemistry lecturers have average 3.53 and students in SMA N 1 Sidikalang is 3.33 students in SMA N 1 Berastagi is 3.58 and students in SMA N 1 Perbaungan is 3,31. And the average of both team is 3.44. The average of 3.44 is in range 3.26 to 4.00 concluded that Innovative Learning Material Thermochemistry With Active Learning and Multimedia is valid and does not need to revise and proper use as learning material and media in teaching and learning activity. The learning material set in e-book and media set in a CD to make it easy to use in teaching and learning process in offline system.

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PREFACE

First and foremost writer wanna deliver to Trinity Jesus Christ for all His uncountable grace, His blessings and guidance for giving us inspiration, health, peace, knowledge and strength to see that this thesis become a reality suitable with the time that has been determine.

This thesis entitled ”The Development of Innovative Learning Material With Active Learning and Multimedia” arranged to acquire degree Sarjana Pendidikan Kimia, in Chemistry Department Faculty Mathematics and Natural Sciences in State University of Medan.

In this opportunity I would like to express my gratitude to my thesis supervisior Prof. Drs. Manihar Situmorang, M.Sc., Ph.D who has given guidance and many suggestion to writer since proposal research until finish this thesis. The writer also wanna say thanks to Drs. Marham Sitorus, M.Si as my Academic Councelor as long as writer in state university of Medan. I don’t forget to say thanks to Prof. Dr. Ramlan Silaban, M.Si, Dr. Simson Tarigan, (alm) Drs. Rahmat Nauli, M.Si and Mom Nora Susanti S.Si, Apt., M.Sc, as my thesis examiner who give suggestion, comment, and improvement to compile this thesis. Gratitude also deliver to sir Agus Kembaren, S.Si, M.Si as head of Chemistry department who give chance to writer did this research. Special gratitude will be deliver to strong beloved parents my father K. Silaban and my mother M.Simanullang for your unconditional love to support me in every situation of my life for financial support, strengthen me and thank you for your perspiration in my life, thank you have been best parents in my life. I don’t forget to express my gratitude to my brothers, Saut, Saprin, Sardes, Salam, Mujur, to my only one sister Samsinar Silaban who always support me to finish this thesis. Likewise with my Coordination team UKMKP-UP FMIPA 2016 and all of member of secretariat UKMKP-UP FMIPA ministry and all of component of ministry UKMKP UNIMED who also give support and motivation to writer. I don’t forget to the leader of Boanerges small group sister Jelita Purba my bestfriend Lady Ofina, Saut Siregar, my sisters in Jesus Debora Sormin, Melisa Tambunan, Ernita

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Panjaitan, Elenra Fitry Malau, Aspatita Panjaitan, Bunga Gustiana Napitupulu, thank you for teach me to lead you to be patient, my best friend who have same thesis supervisior Ernita Silaban, Arif Wardiman Lase thank you so much for a story that has been created in this thesis journey. And to all of member of Chemistry Education Study Program 2012, thank you for four years with you all fill my diary every single moment is impressed and all of motivation and pray. To all of respondents Student of SMA N 1 Sidikkalang, SMA N 1 Berastagi, SMA N 1 Perbaungan. And the last one and special one for my only one Sado thank you for write diary of my life, support, pray that has been answerd thanks for teach me to live effectively hope blessing in future be ours.

The writer has given all effort to finish this thesis, nevertheless writer realize there’s still lack from content and grammar, therefore writer will appreciate all of constructive suggestion to enrich education insight.

Medan, June 2016 Writer

Marianna Silaban NIM. 4123131055

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CONTENTS

Legalization i

Biography ii

Abstract iii

Preface iv

Contents vi

List Of Figure viii

List Of Table ix

List Appendix x

Chapter I Introduction

1.1 Background 1

1.2 Scope of Problem 5

1.3 Problem Identification 5

1.4 Problem Formulation 5

1.5 Problem Limitation 6

1.6 Research Objective 6

1.7 Research Benefit 7

Chapter II Literature

2.1 Defenition and Types of Learning Materials 8

2.2 The Use of Learning Materials 10

2.2.1 For Teacher 10

2.2.2 For Student 10

2.2.3 In Clasical Learning 11

2.2.4 In Individual Learning Process 11

2.2.5 In Group Learning 11

2.3 Posisition of Learning Materials in Learning Process 11

2.4 Develope Learning Materials 13

2.5 Chemistry Learning Materials Development 15

2.6 Standard of Learning Materials According to BSNP 17 2.6.1 Standard on Chemistry Learning Material Content 17 2.6.2 Standard on Chemistry Learning Material Language 18

2.6.3 Standard on Chemistry Learning Preentation 18

2.6.4. Standard on Chemistry Learning Graph 18

2.7 Innovative Learning 19

2.8 Innovative Learning by Implement Active Learning 20

2.9 Learning Media on Teaching Chemistry 22

2.10 The Literature of Thermochemistry 25

2.10.1 Thermochemistry 26

2.10.2 Enthalphy Changes 26

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Chapter III Research Methodology

3.1 Location and Time 28

3.2 Research Sample and Population 28

3.3 Type of Research 29

3.4 Research Instrument 30

3.5 Research Procedure 30

3.5.1 Analyze Learning Material of Thermochemistry 30

3.5.2 Developing Learning Material 30

3.5.2.1 Enrichment Learning Material 31

3.5.2.2 Integrate Learning Media in Learning Material 31 3.5.2.3 Integrate Laboratory Activity in Learning Material 31

3.5.2.4 Creating e-book 31

3.5.3 Standarization of Developed Learning Material 32

3.6 Data Analysis 34

3.6.1 Descriptive Analysis 34

Chapter IV Results and Discussion

4.1 The Result Observation of Learning Material for Senior

High School 37

4.2. Development of Learning Material of Thermochemistry 45 4.3. Innovation of Learning Material of Thermochemistry 47 4.4 Active Learning in Thermochemistry Learnong Material 48 4.5 Multimedia in Thermochemistry Learning Material 49

4.6. Creating e-book 50

4.7. Standarization of Innovative Learning Material of

Thermochemistry 51

4.8. Trial of Innovative Learning Material on Thermochemistry

With Active Learning and Multimedia 53

4.9. Discussion 55

Chapter V Conclusion and Suggestion

5.1 Conclusion 57

5.2 Suggestion 58

Referencess 59

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LIST OF TABLE

Pages

Table 3.1 The description of population and samples that selected as samples in the study of the development of innovative learning material thermochemistry with active learning

and multimedia. 29

Table 3.2 Descriptive Analysis of Chemistry Textbook 34 Table 3.3 Table of A Recapitulation Assesment of Chemistry Textbook 35 Table 3.4 Validity Criteria Analysis of Innovative Chemistry Learning

materials 36

Table 4.1 Description Of Learning Material With Main Topic Of Thermochemistry As Referencess Learning Material Of

Thermochemistry 38

Table 4.2. Percentage of Analyze some Textbook in Thermochemistry

Based on BSNP 44

Table 4.3 Development of Learning Material of Thermochemistry 46 Table 4.4 The Description Innovation of Learning Material of

Thermochemistry 47

Table 4.5 The Description Active Learning in Thermochemistry

Learning Material 48

Table 4.6 The Description of Integration Multimedia in

Thermochemistry Learning Material 49 Table 4.7 Description of Innovative Learning Materials on The

Topic of Thermochemistry 51 Table 4.8 Assesment respondent of chemistry lectures (P), students of

SMAN 1 Sidikkalang (Q), students of SMAN 1 Berastagi (R), students of SMAN 1 Perbaungan (S) to quality of

innovative learning material of thermochemistry. 52 Table 4.9 The result of descriptive of trial chemistry Learning

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LIST OF FIGURE

Pages

Figure 3.1 Procedure Development Innovative Chemistry Learning 32

Figure 3.2 Research Procedure to Get Standard Innovative Chemistry

Learning Materials With Active Learning and Multimedia 33

Figure 4.1 Figure of Electronic Display of Thermochemistry Learning Material by click all of content of electronic book on

thermochemistry 50

Figure 4.2 Figure display part of electronic book of Thermochemistry there’s one of video as multimedia in learning material 50

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LIST OF APPENDIX

Page Appendix 1 Sillabus of Chemistry for SHS in Curriculumn 2013 64 Appendix 2 Standard assesment of Learning Textbook 67

Appendix 3 Instrument questionaire of Innovative Learning Material 69 of Thermochemistry

Appendix 4 The Description of Learning Material (TRIAL) 70 Appendix 5a The Result of Chemistry Textbook Analysis code A 71 Appendix 5b The Result of Chemistry Textbook Analysis code B 72

Appendix 5c The Result of Chemistry Textbook Analysis code C 73

Appendix 5d The Result of Chemistry Textbook Analysis code D 74

Appendix 5e The Result of Chemistry Textbook Analysis code E 75

Appendix 5f The Result of Chemistry Textbook Analysis code F 76

Appendix 5g The Result of Chemistry Textbook Analysis code G 77 Appendix 6 Tabulation of Questionaire by Chemistry Lecture in

State University of Medan 78

Appendix 7a Tabulation of Questionaire by Student in SMA N 1

Sidikalang 79

Appendix 7b Tabulation of Questionaire by Student in SMA N 1

Berastagi 80

Appendix 7c Tabulation of Questionaire by Student in SMA N 1

Perbaungan 81

Appendix 8 Standard Development of Innovative Chemistry

1 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

The development of innovative learning material is important to do due to the development of modern science and technology demand students to learn active and independently. Innovative learning material can motive student to learn active in learning process due to inovation presented can be use wherever and whenever they are. They can use innovative learning material thourgh their personal computer and personal handphone.

Education is the main medium to create human resourcess with high quality and competency. Education is human’s necessary which always follow the era’s challange. Quality of education describe prospect of a certain nation in a future. Education is also one of the key vehicles for intellectual and professional development of our people and plays an increasingly important role in supporting a stronger and more globally competitive Indonesia.

Indonesian’s today educational condition face complex and basic challange which can’t be avoid such as GATT, WTO, AFTA which influence all aspect of socialization. As a young nation (under a century nation) our future still oriented on international standard where there will be many lack ontologically related to human resourcess and master of technology. The swift of goods, services, knowledge and technology tend to effect disorientation in economic aspect, politic, society, culture and education. Therefore the strengthen contribution of LPTK, sinergy among educational birocration, teacher’s quality, and educational reformation are required by homogenity of basic sciences knowledge to increase quality and educational access.

In 120 countries included in the 2012 UNESCO Education For All Global Monitoring Report, which measuress education quality, Indonesia ranked 64th. UNESCO’s 2011 Education Development Index (EDI) ranked 69th out of

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127 countries. And according to latest Human developement Index, reported by UNDP, Indonesia ranked 121st out of 185 countries, with an HDI of .629. the report shows that Indonesia is ranked lower than two of its neighboring ASEAN countries, Malaysia (64th) and Singapore (18th). In order to strengthen basic education for students, the Ministry has committed operational and budgetary resources to implementation of the latest 2013 Curricculumn by 2014. The 2013 Curriculumn focuses on the acquisition of contextual knowledge in respective areas and environments. The curriculumn seeks to develop student’s evaluation skill in three areas; attitude (honesty, politeness, and discipline), technical skills (through practical work / school projects), and scientific knowledge.

The development of innovative learning material is one essential and very important step to improve quality of education. Through develope learning material with multimedia can increase student’s curiosity that conduct classroom to active learning. The active learning is a model of instruction that focuses the responsibility of learning on learners. In order to have active learning experience, the innovative learning material should use of technology tools and multimedia helps enhance the atmosphere of the classroom. Each student will be actively engaged in learning process. Developement of innovtive learning material with active learning by using multimedia and web based learning is very interest to be discussed because of learning materials that qualified can improve comprehension, attitude, skill, and scientific knowledge of senior high school student. Therefore, developement of learning materials is necessary to consideration accurately where learning materias not only source of learning, but has a particular classification.

Developement of learning materials also necessary to fulfill good quality of learning materials. Good learning materials in senior high school will help students to achive standard competency. The peresence qualified learning materials is one best way to improve quality of education (situmorang, 2013). Good learning materials should capable present the curriculumn,s requirement, flexible with the development of Science and technology, and become a bridge in learning process to achieve target of standard competency.

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According to hamdani in (Rudyanto, 2009) if it doesn’t have ability to develop teaching materials are varied, teachers will be stuck in monotonous learning situations and tend to be boring to students. Good learning materials must be able to present learning materials in accordance with demands of the curriculumn, follow any developments in science and technology in order to achieve a predetermined competencies (Jippes, etc., 2010) in (Manihar and Novalina, 2012), therefore preparation of learning materials quality is needed to help students to learn and fulfill needs of students to learn independently.

Generally student in Senior High School tend use book as their media or their learning sourcess.while the condition of book tend to conduct teacher center learning process. Teacher center learning is not good, therefore we need developement of learning media, and through this development we hope there’s no teacher center learning process anymore. According to Manihar and Andry (2014), the integration of information technology, integrate multimedia with e-learning and web based e-learning potentially push e-learning shift from conventional learning to student active learning, so that learning activity is not depend on teacher only, but developement will courage student to be active. E-learning is one process where students use information and Communication Technology (ICT) facilities together as media without consider space and time to learn (Sutanta, 2009). Modern ICT development enable us to combine various media, such as picture, video, animation, virtual laboratory, and website and these make students easier to receive and acces lessons, and courage students to active learning process.

In reality, chemistry is learning materials which has wide scope in our daily life. Chemistry is one subject matter for student in natural science group. In implementation of Curriculumn 2013, chemistry has 4 lesson hour meeting in each week. Chemistry is also one interest subject matter, because chemistry gives foundation in society life, develope lifeskill. Chemistry also one of discipline that can answer global challange. Chemistry belong to dificult subject matter, because mainly chemistry consist of many abstract concept and real example. In presentation, chemistry learning materials lack systematic, less attractive, and tend

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to make students feel boring. Therefore in presentation of chemistry learning material, we need creative, and innovative step to courage student to be active and has high curiosity. Therefore we need to develope creative and innovative learning material. And according to Lee (2010) one way to increase quality of education is through present qualify learning materials.

Revitalization of learning materials are necessary to enrich learning sourcess so that able to student’s learning activity which follow developement information and technology to optimal, and effective for increasing student’s achivement in chemistry.Some prerequiresite to make learning materials as learning sources are, availability that can reach by students independently, can courage student to learn independently, and facilitate students complete and recent learning materials. Good learning materials must be cover as good as possible, as creative as possible, suitable with main topic, following with picture, ilustration, exercise example, contextual problems which support learning activity through adaptation of newest technology is one target of learning materials developement.

In senior high school, thermochemistry learned in second year in first semester. Thermochemistry studies Heat and Energy, Enthalphy change (Calorimeter, Hess law, and Bond Energy). Thermochemistry is one difficult topic to understand for students, because this topic has abstract concept. And need high student’s imagination. Sometimes, lack of laboratory experiment, and lack of student’s interaction with classmates because learning process focus on teacher only.

Based on above description, researcher challanged to creating creative, innovative, systematic chemistry learning materials in form of hardcopy and electronic book to support student’s achievement according to standard competency. And this research entitled “The Development of Innovative

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1.2Scope of Problem

Based on background above, the scope of problem in this research is development of innovative learning materials to fulfill standard competency in senior high school.

1.3Problem Identification

Based on the background above, the following are some problems can be identified in this research:

1. The arrangement of innovative thermochemistry learning material to achieve stadard competency in senior high school.

2. Learning media that proper to integrate according to innovative thermochemistry learning material to achieve standard competency in senior high school.

3. Response of lecture and senior high school student to innovative thermochemistry learning materials seen on, proper standard, language, presentation, content and form.

4. Development an innovative thermochemistry learning materials that courage student to active learning.

5. Standardize a development learning materials to meet the standard provided by BSNP.

1.4Problem Formulation

Based on the background that has been stated previously, then the problem formulation in this research is:

1. How the arrangement of innovative thermochemistry learning material with active learning and multimedia so that suitable according to standard competency in senior high school?

2. How the proper presentation of innovative thermochemistry learning material with active learning and multimedia to achieve standard competency in senior high school?

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3. How the response of lecture and senior high school student on innovative thermochemistry learning material with active learning and multimedia, seen on proper standard, language, presentation, content and form.

4. How to develope an innovative thermochemistry learning material with active learning and multimedia to courage student to active learning?

5. How to standardize a developed learning material to meet the standard provided by BSNP?

1.5Problem Limitation

To avoid the deviate problem based on the problem formulation, so the problem limitation in this research are:

1. Arrange the innovative thermochemistry learning material with active learning and multimedia suited with standard competency look from standard proper, language, content, and form in senior high school.

2. In arrange innovative thermochemistry learning material with active learning and multimedia will be develope at least 7 chemistry book in senior high school.

3. Learning materials will be revise by expert of curriculumn, till we get standar learning materials.

4. There will be integration of various media that usually use by teacher in teaching process.

5. Developement of innovative thermochemistry learning material with active learning with multimedia only to standardization of learning materials stage, not up to the implementation stage.

1.6Research Objective

The objective of this research is to facilitate the understanding of students in study of thermochemistry. The spesific objective have been achieved in this research, are following:

1. To do development of innovative thermochemistry learning materials with active learning and multimedia suitable with standard competency in senior high school.

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2. To get the good presentation of innovative thermochemistry learning material with active learning and multimedia to achieve standard competency in senior high school.

3. To know the response of lecture and senior high school student on innovative thermochemistry learning material with active learning and multimedia, seen on proper standard, language, presentation, content and form.

4. To develope an innovative thermochemistry learning material with active learning and multimedia to courage student to active learning.

5. To standardize development thermochemistry learning material with active learning and multimedia to meet the standard provided by BSNP

1.7Research Benefits

The results of this study is expected to provide benefits for researcher, university students, lectures, and senior high school students. The spesific benefit are:

1. To reseacher

As an precious experience have a chance to analyze book and able to arrange and develope innovative learning materials.

2. To Teacher

To give information and advice and potentially help teacher to present the learning materials to student.

3. To Senior high school student

As information to enrich their knowledge. 4. To the next reseacher

As information in the next research to improve quality of teaching process especially in chemistry teaching.

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CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1. Conclusion

Based on the result of research that obtained from the result of data analysis. It can be stated some conclusion as follows:

1. Based on analysis on common chemistry textbook in SHS the percentage of textbook code A is 82.85%, code B 59.99%., code C 71.42%, code D 68.57%, code E 54.28%, code F 42.89%, and code G is 77.14% most of them are good, but all of them has no integration og multimedia so it’s need development and innovation.

2. The arranging of innovative chemistry learning material on topic of thermochemistry has succesfully designed suited to the common curriculum 2013 that using at senior high school students. The Learning material Thermochemistry consist of 2 sub topic, successively are: (1) Exothermic and Endothermic Reaction, (2) Enthalphy Changes that consist of : Standard Enthalphy Change, Calorimeter, Hess’s Law, and Bond Energy

3. The innovated Learning Material Thermochemistry with Active Learning and Multimedia get the average 3.44 it means it gets positive response from SHS students and chemistry lecturers.

4. The learning material composed has developed and contain innovation by conduct active learning and supported by multimedia that set in offline and online system. There are videos as an offline innovation, while the online innovation when the students connected to internet and using the web link that has been inputed on the learning material as an e-book.

5. The development of Innovative Thermochemistry Learning Material Thermochemistry meet standard BSNP Indonesia Education National Standard (Badan Standar Nasional Pendidikan), however based on content, extension, depth, design and language.

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5.2. Suggestion

Based on the conclusion above, there are some suggestion that have to be stated in order to make teaching and learning process in chemistry become effective and efficient as follows:

1. It is suggested that the chemistry lecture and chemistry teacher in school should give the standard and good innovative and interactive chemistry learning material based on the common curriculum as main learning media to student in the senior high school especially learning material of thermochemistry.

2. It is suggested to next researcher could improve the better innovative learning material based on common curriculum and develop the e-book to make it more simple and easy according to the suggestion that given by sample as validator.

3. It is suggested to student holder for developing and providing the standard and good innovative and learning material to be used in the teaching and learning process especially for thermochemistry subject in senior high school.

4. It is suggested for next researcher can develop this learning material so that enable opened in personal gadget, so that student can bring it wherever and learn whenever.

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Suyanto, M.,(2003), Multimedia alat untuk meningkatkan keunggulan bersaing. Yogyakarta: Andi.

Tian, B., (2003), Pengembangan, Semarangn Bahan Ajar, Jakarta, Pusat Penerbitan UT

Toback, D., Mershin, A., Nazimova, I. (2005). Integrating Web-based Teaching Tools into Large University Physics Courses., a Research Report.

Vinenda, (2015), Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Kimia Inovatif Berbasis Multimedia untuk Pengajaran Termokimia., Thesis, FMIPA, Unimed, Medan.

Wibawa, A S, et all., (2013) Pengembangan Bahan Ajar IPA Terpadu Berbasis Pendidikan Karakter pada Tema Dampak Bahan Kimia Rumah Tangga Terhadap Lingkungan. Unnes Science Educational Journal: Prodi Pendidikan IPA, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengethuan Alam, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia.

Winarno, Patwary, M.A.A.,M, Yasid, A., Marzuki, R, Rini, S. E. S., & Alimah, S,(2009), Teknik evaluasi multimedia pembelajaran. Genius Prima Media.

http://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active _learning Monday, December, 17th 2015. 09:35

5.2. Suggestion

Based on the conclusion above, there are some suggestion that have to be stated in order to make teaching and learning process in chemistry become effective and efficient as follows:

1. It is suggested that the chemistry lecture and chemistry teacher in school should give the standard and good innovative and interactive chemistry learning material based on the common curriculum as main learning media to student in the senior high school especially learning material of thermochemistry.

2. It is suggested to next researcher could improve the better innovative learning material based on common curriculum and develop the e-book to make it more simple and easy according to the suggestion that given by sample as validator.

3. It is suggested to student holder for developing and providing the standard and good innovative and learning material to be used in the teaching and learning process especially for thermochemistry subject in senior high school.

4. It is suggested for next researcher can develop this learning material so that enable opened in personal gadget, so that student can bring it wherever and learn whenever.

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