THE TECHNIQUES USED BY THE ENGLISH TEACHER IN TEACHING ENGLISH AT SMK MUHAMMADIYAH 1 KEPANJEN - MALANG

THE TECHNIQUES USED BY THE ENGLISH TEACHER IN TEACHING ENGLISH AT SMK MUHAMMADIYAH 1 KEPANJEN - MALANG

THESIS

By:

Kusuma Wardana 08360024

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

THE TECHNIQUES USED BY THE ENGLISH TEACHER IN TEACHING ENGLISH AT SMK MUHAMMADIYAH 1 KEPANJEN - MALANG

THESIS

This thesis is submitted to fulfill one of the requirements to achieve Sarjana Degree in English Education

By:

Kusuma Wardana 08360024

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG

MOTTO

If children have the ability to ignore all odds and

percentages, then maybe we can all learn from them.

When you think about it, what other choice is there but

to hope? We have two options, medically and

emotionally: give up, or Fight like Hell.

-

Lance Armstrong

DEDICATION:

I dedicated this thesis to

_:

My Beloved Parents,

My Teachers,

My Friends.

and My love.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Alhamdulillah, all praise to ALLAH, the Merciful and Charitable. By his guidance, blessing, and affection, the researcher can finish this study. Besides, peace and blessing are devoted for Prophet Muhammad who has guided us from darkness into lightness.

The writer would like to express his great appreciation to many persons who had helped him in finishing this thesis. The writer thanks:

1. His first advisor, Dr. Hartono, M.Pd, and his second advisor, Dr. Sudiran, M.Hum, for their guidance, suggestion, correction, and comment on this thesis. Moreover, without their real understanding and strong motivation, this thesis would have never found its completion.

2. The Headmaster of SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Kepanjen, Drs. Tri Harijoto, M.Pd, who had given him the permission to do the research at this school. 3. His beloved parents, Muhammad Darmin, S.I.P, M.Si and Sri Fitriyani, who

always pray, support, and give the affection during writing thesis.

4. His great friends such as: Mei, Mira, Rafika, Very, Bayu, Karina, Ari, Azizah, Nunung, Aditya, Dadan, Ibrahim, Guntur, Indra, Riva, Palupi (and all English Department Students of 2008 and 2009), and others that could not be mentioned one by one.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

APPROVAL ………...………. i

LEGALIZATION……… ii

MOTTO AND DEDICATION………... iii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ………. iv

ABSTRACT….………... v

TABLE OF CONTENT……….. vi

CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study………... 1

1.2 Statement of the problems………..…... 5

1.3 Purposes of the study………... 5

1.4 Significance of the study……….... 6

1.5 Scope and limitation……… 6

1.6 Definition of the key terms………. 7

CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Teaching English in SMK ………. 9

2.2 Teaching Techniques ... 10

2.2.1 Lecturing ... 11

2.2.2 Demonstration ... 12

2.2.4 Drilling ... 13

2.2.5 Song ... 14

2.3 Application of the Teaching Techniques ... 15

2.3.1 Lecturing ... 15

2.3.1.1 Preparation ... 15

2.3.1.2 Teaching and Learning Process ... 19

2.3.1.3 Stimulating Students and Interaction ... 23

2.3.2 Demonstration ... 24

2.3.3 Question and Answer ... 26

2.3.4 Drilling ... 27

2.3.5 Song ... 29

2.3.5.1 Practical Tips and Tasks for Using Songs ... 30

2.4 Response ... 32

CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 Research design ... 35

3.2 Population and sample ... 36

3.3 Research Instrument ... 37

3.3.1 Observation ... 37

3.3.3 Questionnaire……….. 39 3.4 Data collection ... 41 3.5 Data analysis ... 41 CHAPTER IV: RESULT FINDINGS AND DISCUSIONS

4.1 Research findings ... 44

4.1.1 The Teacher’s Techniques in Teaching Vocabulary ... 44 4.1.2 The Way of the English Teacher Applied the Techniques in Teaching English ... 46

4.1.3 The Students’ Responses toward the Teaching Techniques

Used By The English Teacher... 50 4.2 Discussions ... 52 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

5.1 Conclusions ... 59 5.2 Suggestions ... 59 BIBLIOGRAPHY

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CHAPTHER I INTRODUCTION

This chapter presents background of the study, statement of the problems, purposes of the study, significance of the study, scope and limitation, and definition of the key terms.

1.1 Background of Study

Vocational school is a school which is presented to enhance the students’ practical skills directly to prepare their career in the future. Sudarman (2008:1) stated that vocational school is an educational institution which is responsible for creating and producing human resources who have the academic ability as well as special expertise in accordance with the expertise of each program. Some of the programs and practical skills presented in vocational school usually deal with English such as in Engineering and Computing Department. Liu (2010:752) mentioned:

At present there arise many problems in higher vocational English teaching. In the face of the vigorous development of vocational education, English language teaching must carry out corresponding reforms. Aiming at the present problems in higher vocational English teaching, English teachers must carry out teaching reforms in the field of teaching philosophy, teaching models, teaching methods and teaching tools, etc. In particular, teachers should concentrate on the application of English language to improve students' practical abilities to use English.

It shows us that teaching English for vocational students is quite problematic especially in improving the teaching performance, choosing appropriate materials, and building students motivation. Thus, the teachers’ ability in teaching English

should be improved in order to enhance the students’ practical skills in using English. The challenges of the English teachers in improving the students’ practical skills,

especially in vocational schools, are a part of the improvement of the teaching resources itself.

English has an important role for the vocational school students’ future career, as they are going to work in a company which requires English as the first consideration for the employer to decide whether he/she is going to accept the job applicant or not.

Skill and Training Institution Cendika (2011:1) mentioned that the English used in vocational schools is not exactly the same as general English since the English used here is ESP (English Specific Purpose) which requires a deep understanding based on the specific purpose. The specific English terms used in vocational schools refer to the professional field work in each department such as engineering, tourism, computer, etc. Thus, the Engineering Department students will use the engineering English; Tourism Department students will use the tourism English, and so on which aim to improve students’ English skills for their career in the future.

However, despite the importance of English for their career, there are still lot of students who do not want to use English in their daily life. This may happen due to lack of confidence in their speaking skill. Hasbullah (2008:V) concluded that the students in vocational school 1 of Singosari have speaking problems which prevent them from stating their opinions. The problems which occur in the speaking class are

students rarely use English while in class and they were really reluctant when teacher asked them to speak in English.

Furthermore, Purwoko (2008:1) founded that students rarely used English in daily practice since there were some difficulties faced in learning spoken English such as the materials were quite boring due to the unfamiliar content, and the students had low motivation in using the spoken English. The presented materials which do

not really attract the students’ interest in learning English will not be able to help the

students understand English better. Therefore, the teachers have to select the material

that can attract the students’ interest in order to build their motivation while in

English class.

The students’ problems need to be solved by selecting appropriate techniques

then applying them in teaching English in vocational school. The appropriate techniques should be in accordance with the context of the materials which are presented in the class. The English teachers also have to consider the topic of the material which is going to be presented in order to attract their attention or interest, so

the learning activities in the classroom will be effective to increase the students’

understanding of the materials.

The English teacher in vocational schools has a big role in developing the students’ English capability for their career in the future based on their specific professionalism. Teacher holds the responsibility in improving the students’ English capability based on what courses they are going to take, for instance Engineering, Computer, Internet, and etc. In order to see how the teacher improves the students’ English capability, his/her teaching’s techniques used in the classroom need to be

analyzed. According to Jayusman (2009:1) the English teacher’s techniques used in teaching English are repeating, discussion, and competition, while Faizin (2009:1) found out kinds of techniques, namely lecturing, direct experience, demonstration, game and discussion. It means that the teaching techniques used by English teachers in Indonesian schools may vary depending on the condition of the schools. Based on

those research findings the solution to improve students’ low English ability depends

on how the teacher uses the techniques in teaching English.

The researcher chooses this topic because the teaching technique is very helpful to maximize the teaching performance to deliver the material well. The researcher chooses SMK Muhammadiyah Kepanjen 1 because of two reasons. Based on the result of the preliminary study, it was found out that the students’ life background belongs to suburban citizens where some of them have to work in farm or animal husbandry to help their parents due to the economic problem. A lot of

students’ parents work as freelancer, hard labor, and farmer even though this school

have already provided lot of scholarship for those who are really upstanding in academic performances. Furthermore, according to the English teacher in this school, this condition affects the students’ motivation to learn English in the school. Another reason was the motivation in studying English which is quite low compared to the students in the center of Malang. When it comes about English lesson, the students were reluctant to follow the lesson due to the uninteresting activity, or the lack of facilities especially the English laboratory and English resources in library. This school has only one English laboratory. It is equipped with multimedia equipment for

kind of trouble such as the microphone that can’t communicate to others, headphone which do not produce any sound, etc. The English resources such as English book, magazine, journal, and any kind of English resources for students are not entirely presented yet in this school. That is why the researcher needs to know more about the English teaching and learning activities in this vocational school.

1.2 Statement of the Problems

Based on the background of study above, the problems are formulated as follows:

a. What techniques does the English teacher use in teaching English at SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Kepanjen - Malang?

b. How does the English teacher apply the techniques in teaching English at SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Kepanjen - Malang?

c. How is the students’ respond toward the techniques used by the English teacher in teaching English at SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Kepanjen - Malang? 1.3 Purposes of the Study

Based on the statement of the problems above, the research purposes are stated as follows:

a. To discover the teaching techniques used by the English teacher in teaching English at SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Kepanjen - Malang.

b. To describe the way the English teacher applies the teaching techniques in teaching English at SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Kepanjen - Malang.

c. To describe the students’ respond toward the English teaching techniques used by the English teacher in teaching English at SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Kepanjen - Malang.

1.4 Significance of the Study

The result of this study is intended for several parties, they are English teachers, students, and the school. The first party is for English teachers. This research is intended to understand the English teaching techniques used by English teachers in vocational schools outside of the city area; this will help the English teachers understand the characteristic of teaching English in the suburban area. The result is also aimed to help the English teachers in SMK Muhammadiyah I Kepanjen to improve their teaching techniques in teaching English. The second party is students. The finding will help the students to get a better teaching and learning process from the English teachers. The last party is the school. This research will help the school to guide their English teachers to understand the characteristic of students in suburban area and improve their teaching performances.

1.5 Scope and Limitation

The scope of this research covers the English teaching techniques used by the English teacher in teaching English in four classes, namely IED 1, IED 2, AED 1, and AED 2, the way how she presented the techniques in the classroom, and the students’ response toward her teaching techniques. This research is limited to the investigation of one English teacher of the second grade. The researcher chose the second grade because the first grade was already in the process of implementing the new

curriculum (curriculum of 2013) while the third grade was concentrating on the preparation for the national examination.

1.6 Definition of the Key terms

To avoid misunderstanding, the key terms used in this study are defined below:

According to Lott (2008:47-52), teaching is a deal between teacher and students which explained as the relation between two parties that have obligation and agreement between them that the students expect the best performance from teacher as his/her obligation and students may follow their agreement toward the teacher in the class. That means teaching is a relation between teacher and student based on agreement to share knowledge from the teacher to students.

Techniques mean control (Friedland: 2008:1). The technique in this research is the way of the teacher manages the classroom activities or a particular way to teach. A technique is a particular way applied in order to finish the job efficiently.

According to Christ H (2006:1), a teaching technique is a trick that the teacher should master in order to get the job done in classroom. It is a special way used by teacher in order to deliver his/her lesson with a better result.

Response means reaction that takes place in the body when something happens to us (Answer.com:2012). Students’ response means a reaction showed or given by the students to teaching activities given to them.

SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Kepanjen is a vocational school pioneered by Muhammadiyah organization branch in Kepanjen since 1st January 1975 and has the vision and mission based on Muhammdiyah organization (smkm1-kpn: 2010)

students rarely use English while in class and they were really reluctant when teacher asked them to speak in English.

Furthermore, Purwoko (2008:1) founded that students rarely used English in daily practice since there were some difficulties faced in learning spoken English such as the materials were quite boring due to the unfamiliar content, and the students had low motivation in using the spoken English. The presented materials which do not really attract the students’ interest in learning English will not be able to help the students understand English better. Therefore, the teachers have to select the material that can attract the students’ interest in order to build their motivation while in English class.

The students’ problems need to be solved by selecting appropriate techniques then applying them in teaching English in vocational school. The appropriate techniques should be in accordance with the context of the materials which are presented in the class. The English teachers also have to consider the topic of the material which is going to be presented in order to attract their attention or interest, so the learning activities in the classroom will be effective to increase the students’ understanding of the materials.

The English teacher in vocational schools has a big role in developing the students’ English capability for their career in the future based on their specific professionalism. Teacher holds the responsibility in improving the students’ English capability based on what courses they are going to take, for instance Engineering, Computer, Internet, and etc. In order to see how the teacher improves the students’ English capability, his/her teaching’s techniques used in the classroom need to be

analyzed. According to Jayusman (2009:1) the English teacher’s techniques used in teaching English are repeating, discussion, and competition, while Faizin (2009:1) found out kinds of techniques, namely lecturing, direct experience, demonstration, game and discussion. It means that the teaching techniques used by English teachers in Indonesian schools may vary depending on the condition of the schools. Based on those research findings the solution to improve students’ low English ability depends on how the teacher uses the techniques in teaching English.

The researcher chooses this topic because the teaching technique is very helpful to maximize the teaching performance to deliver the material well. The researcher chooses SMK Muhammadiyah Kepanjen 1 because of two reasons. Based on the result of the preliminary study, it was found out that the students’ life background belongs to suburban citizens where some of them have to work in farm or animal husbandry to help their parents due to the economic problem. A lot of students’ parents work as freelancer, hard labor, and farmer even though this school have already provided lot of scholarship for those who are really upstanding in academic performances. Furthermore, according to the English teacher in this school, this condition affects the students’ motivation to learn English in the school. Another reason was the motivation in studying English which is quite low compared to the students in the center of Malang. When it comes about English lesson, the students were reluctant to follow the lesson due to the uninteresting activity, or the lack of facilities especially the English laboratory and English resources in library. This

kind of trouble such as the microphone that can’t communicate to others, headphone which do not produce any sound, etc. The English resources such as English book, magazine, journal, and any kind of English resources for students are not entirely presented yet in this school. That is why the researcher needs to know more about the English teaching and learning activities in this vocational school.

1.2 Statement of the Problems

Based on the background of study above, the problems are formulated as follows:

a. What techniques does the English teacher use in teaching English at SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Kepanjen - Malang?

b. How does the English teacher apply the techniques in teaching English at SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Kepanjen - Malang?

c. How is the students’ respond toward the techniques used by the English teacher in teaching English at SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Kepanjen - Malang? 1.3 Purposes of the Study

Based on the statement of the problems above, the research purposes are stated as follows:

a. To discover the teaching techniques used by the English teacher in teaching English at SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Kepanjen - Malang.

b. To describe the way the English teacher applies the teaching techniques in teaching English at SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Kepanjen - Malang.

c. To describe the students’ respond toward the English teaching techniques used by the English teacher in teaching English at SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Kepanjen - Malang.

1.4 Significance of the Study

The result of this study is intended for several parties, they are English teachers, students, and the school. The first party is for English teachers. This research is intended to understand the English teaching techniques used by English teachers in vocational schools outside of the city area; this will help the English teachers understand the characteristic of teaching English in the suburban area. The result is also aimed to help the English teachers in SMK Muhammadiyah I Kepanjen to improve their teaching techniques in teaching English. The second party is students. The finding will help the students to get a better teaching and learning process from the English teachers. The last party is the school. This research will help the school to guide their English teachers to understand the characteristic of students in suburban area and improve their teaching performances.

1.5 Scope and Limitation

The scope of this research covers the English teaching techniques used by the English teacher in teaching English in four classes, namely IED 1, IED 2, AED 1, and AED 2, the way how she presented the techniques in the classroom, and the students’ response toward her teaching techniques. This research is limited to the investigation of one English teacher of the second grade. The researcher chose the second grade

curriculum (curriculum of 2013) while the third grade was concentrating on the preparation for the national examination.

1.6 Definition of the Key terms

To avoid misunderstanding, the key terms used in this study are defined below:

According to Lott (2008:47-52), teaching is a deal between teacher and students which explained as the relation between two parties that have obligation and agreement between them that the students expect the best performance from teacher as his/her obligation and students may follow their agreement toward the teacher in the class. That means teaching is a relation between teacher and student based on agreement to share knowledge from the teacher to students.

Techniques mean control (Friedland: 2008:1). The technique in this research is the way of the teacher manages the classroom activities or a particular way to teach. A technique is a particular way applied in order to finish the job efficiently.

According to Christ H (2006:1), a teaching technique is a trick that the teacher should master in order to get the job done in classroom. It is a special way used by teacher in order to deliver his/her lesson with a better result.

Response means reaction that takes place in the body when something happens to us (Answer.com:2012). Students’ response means a reaction showed or given by the students to teaching activities given to them.

SMK Muhammadiyah 1 Kepanjen is a vocational school pioneered by Muhammadiyah organization branch in Kepanjen since 1st January 1975 and has the vision and mission based on Muhammdiyah organization (smkm1-kpn: 2010)