A STUDY ON THE TECHNIQUES OF TEACHING ENGLISH USED BY THE ENGLISH TEACHER AT FIRST GRADE STUDENTS OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL NAHDATUL ULAMA KEPANJEN
A STUDY ON THE TECHNIQUES OF TEACHING ENGLISH
USED BY THE ENGLISH TEACHER AT FIRST GRADE
STUDENTS OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL NAHDATUL ULAMA
KEPANJEN
THESIS
By:
M.Zainal Arifin Mustofa
07360248
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
JULY 2013
A STUDY ON THE TECHNIQUES OF TEACHING ENGLISH
USED BY THE ENGLISH TEACHER AT FIRST GRADE
STUDENTS OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL NAHDATUL ULAMA
KEPANJEN
THESIS
This thesis is submitted as one of requirements to achieve Sarjana
Degree in English Education
By:
M.Zainal Arifin Mustofa
07360248
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
JULY 2013
This Theses was defended in front of examiners of Faculty of Teacher Training and
Education of University of Muhammadiyah Malang
and accepted as one of requirements to achieve
Sarjana Degree in Education
On July 30th, 2013
Approved by:
Faculty of Teacher Training and Education
University of Muhammadiyah Malang
Dean,
Drs. Syaifuddin, M.Pd.
Examiners:
Signatures:
1. Rina Wahyu Setyaningrum, M.Ed
..........................................................
2. Santi Prastiyowati, S.pd
..........................................................
3. Dra. Erly Wahyuni, M.Si
..........................................................
4. Hj. Fardini Sabilah, M.Pd
..........................................................
MOTTO AND DEDICATION
“Sesungguhnya beserta kesukaran ada kemudahan”
(QS: Al-Insirakh: 6)
“Barang siapa yang ingin mensejahterakan dunia hendaklah dengan ilmu, barang
siapa yang menginginkan ketentraman di akhirat hendaklah dengan ilmu, dan
barang siapa yang menginginkan kedua-duanya hendaklah dengan ilmu pula.”
(Al-Hadist)
DEDICATION
I dedicated this thesis to my beloved father and my mother, my sister, my soul mate,
and my friends
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillah, all praise is to Allah, the Merciful and Charitable. Thank to His
guidance, blessing, and affection, the writer can finish this thesis.
In completion this thesis, the writer would like to express his deepest gratitude
to Dra. Erly Wahyuni, M.Si as his first advisor and Hj. Fardini Sabilah, M.Pd as his
second advisor, for their suggestions, invaluable guidance, and motivation during the
consultation period and their comments and corrections during the completion of this
thesis.
His sincere gratitude and appreciation are also extended to the principle of
English Department who had given him the chance to conduct the research and the
administrative staff of the Centre Library of University of Muhammadiyah Malang
who had helped the smooth of conducting the research.
Finally, a special thank is given to my parents, Pudji and Anik Amah who
always give advice, pray, support to reach the success. To my brother and my sisters,
Mochammad Lestari Eko Subakti and Anista Putika. Thanks for your attention and
prayer in the process of finishing this thesis. Last, thanks to my friend M. Mahfud
who give support, motivation in the process of finishing this thesis.
Malang, August 1th, 2013
The Writer,
M. Zainal Arifin Mustofa
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ADVISORS’ APPROVAL..................................................................................
i
EXAMINERS’ APPROVAL..............................................................................
ii
MOTTO AND DEDICATION...........................................................................
iii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT......................................................................................
iv
ABSTRACT........................................................................................................... v
TABLE OF CONTENTS.....................................................................................
vi
LIST OF TABLE..................................................................................................
viii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
1
1.1 The Background of the Study..................................................................
1
1.2 The Statement of the Problem.................................................................
3
1.3 The Purpose of the Study......................................................................... 4
1.4 The Significance of the Study.................................................................
4
1.5 The Scope and Limitation........................................................................ 4
1.6 The Definition of Key Terms..................................................................
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED OF LITERATURE.......................
5
6
2.1 The Text and Cohesion……………………………………………........ 6
2.2 The Cohesive Devices…………………………………………….........
9
2.2.1 The Grammatical Cohesive Devices....................................................
9
2.2.2 The Lexical Cohesive Devices.............................................................
18
2.3 The Thesis Writing..................................................................................
21
2.4 The Use of Cohesive Devices in Thesis..................................................
25
2.5 The Previous Studies on the Use of Cohesive Devices...........................
26
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY............................................
29
3.1 The Research Design...............................................................................
29
3.2 The Population and Sample………………………………………….....
30
3.3 The Data Collection………………………………………………….....
31
3.4 The Data Analysis.................................................................................... 32
CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION......................
34
4.1 The Findings of the Types of Cohesive Devices ……………………....
34
4.1.1 The Types of Cohesive Devices...........................................................
34
4.1.2 The Inappropriateness on the Use of Cohesive Devices......................
38
4.1.3 The Frequency on of Cohesive Devices and their Inappropriateness... 44
4.2 The Discussion of the Types of Cohesive Devices and their
Inappropriateness…………...…………………………………………..
45
4.2.1 The Types of Cohesive Devices...........................................................
45
4.2.2 The Inappropriateness on the Use of Cohesive Devices......................
48
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION…………………….....
54
5.1 The Conclusion………………………………………………………....
54
5.2 The Suggestion ………………………………………………………… 56
REFERENCES
APPENDIX
LIST OF TABLE
Table I: Personal Reference……………………………………………………...
10
Table II: The Summary of Types of Cohesive Devices......................................... 20
Table III: The Type of Cohesive Devices……………………………………...... 34
Table IV: The Inappropriateness on the Use of Cohesive Devices…...................
38
Table V: The Frequency of Cohesive Devices and their Inappropriateness.......... 44
REFERENCES
Arikunto, Suharsimi. 1992. Prosedur Penelitian: Suatu Pendekatan Praktik – Edisi
Revisi. Jakarta: PT. Bina Aksara.
--------------------------. 2010. Prosedur Penelitian: Suatu Pendekatan Praktik –
Edisi Revisi 2010. Jakarta: PT. Rineka Cipta.
Ary, Donald, Lucy Cheser Jacobs, Ashgar Razavieh, and Chris Sorensen. 2006.
Introduction to Research in Education – Seventh Edition. Belmont, CA:
Thomson Wadsworth.
Azar, Betty Scrampfer. 1999. Understanding and Using English Grammar – Third
Edition. New York: Pearson Education.
Bazerman, Charles. 1985. The informed Writer: Using English Grammar – Third
Edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Djuroto, Totok, and Bambang Suprijadi. 2007. Menulis Artikel dan Karya Ilmiah.
Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya.
Dwiloka, Bambang and Rati Riana. 2005. Teknik Menulis Karya Ilmiah. Jakarta: PT
Rineka Cipta.
Greenbaum, Sidney, and Randolph Quirk. 2003. A Student’s Grammar of the
English Language. Edinburgh: Longman
Halliday, M.A.K., Ruqaiya Hasan. 1976. Cohesion in English. London: Longman.
-------------------------------------------. 1992. Language, Context, and Text: Aspects of
Language in a Social-semiotic Perspective. Victoria: Deakin University.
Hartono. Bagaimana Menulis Tesis? – Petunjuk Komprehensif tentang Isi dan
Proses. Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang Press.
Khotimah, Siti. 2011. An Analysis of the Edwards Family Communication in the
Society in Stephanie Mayer’s Novel “Twilight”. Unpublished Thesis.
University of Muhammadiyah Malang.
Lubis, Hamid Hasan. 1993. Analisis Wacana Pragmatik. Bandung: Angkasa.
Nurudin. 2007. Dasar-dasar Penulisan. Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang Press.
Parrott, Martin. 2002. Tasks for Language Teachers: A Resource Book for Training
and Development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Pateda, Mansoer. 2001. Semantik Leksikal – Edisi Kedua. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
Riley, Kathryn, Frank Parker. 1998. English Grammar: Perspective, Descriptive,
Generative, Performance. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
Satori, Djaman, and Aan Komariah. 2009. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif.
Bandung: Alfabeta.
Siswantoro, Heri. 2005. A Study on the Errors of Subject-verb Agreement Made by
Students in Their Theses. Unpublished Thesis. University of
Muhammadiyah Malang.
Sugiarti. 2005. An Analysis on Reference of Grammatical Cohesion Devices in the
Lyrics of Creed’s Song. Unpublished Thesis. University of Muhammadiyah
Malang.
Sugiati. 2004. An Error Analysis on Sentence Connectors Found in English
Department Students’ Theses. Unpublished Thesis. University of
Muhammadiyah Malang.
Swan, Michael. 1996. Practical English Usage – New Edition. Oxford: University
Press.
Tanjung, Bahdin Nur, and Ardial. 2010. Pedoman Penulisan Karya Ilmia (Proposal,
Skripsi, dan Tesis) dan Mempersiapkan Diri menjadi Penulis Artikel
Ilmiah. Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group.
Tarigan, Henry Guntur. 1993. Pengajaran Wacana. Bandung: Angkasa.
Tursini, Umi. 2005. An Analysis on Cohesion Devices Used in the Lyrics of Britney
Spears’ Songs. Unpublished Thesis. University of Muhammadiyah Malang.
Wishon, George E., Julia M. Burks. 1980. Lets’ Write English – Revised Edition.
Canada: Litton Educational Publishing, Inc.
Wulansih, Retya Dwi. 2010. The Problems Faced by the students of English
Department in writing Thesis at University of Muhammadiyah Malang.
Unpublished Thesis. University of Muhammadiyah Malang.
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents some sections dealing with background of the study,
statement of the problems, purpose of the study, the significance of the study, scope
and limitation and definition of key terms.
1.1 The Background of the Study
In this era of globalization, learning English is the most important language to
face globalization changes. The change brings great effect to all aspects of human life
including education. Therefore, there have been significant studies of English and
learning techniques. According to Albert (2002), by using teaching techniques, a
teacher can explain more easily to the students, and the student can understand easily
about the teacher’s explanation. In addition, the 1994 English teaching Guideline
(GBPP) (in Safi’i 2003), the aim of English teaching is making it as a tool of
communication. In last few decades, most students had felt unsatisfactory with the
result of the English teaching. This is because teaching and learning product is not
applicable in real life because most of the teachings only focus on text book. It is
seldom relieved by more exciting activities or more interest readings. The lessons are
most frequently lecturers, recitation, questioning, workbook or detailed exercises, and
quizzes largely limited to facts and information without much chance for students to
think, act, react, or enjoy. Moreover, Apriani (2004) says that in teaching and
learning English, teaching technique is the most important role for by using teaching
techniques a teacher can guide his students to achieve a goal of teaching and learning.
1
KTSP is the operational curriculum arranged and carried out each of education.
The curriculum development in level of education are arranged on the national
standard; they are basic standard curriculum, learning process, the educational
competence, the skill of education, learning facility, management, the expense and
value of education. Two of eight standard national of education above, they are the
basic curriculum standard and the educational competence. As aiming most important
education to developing curriculum. In conclusion, the learning process is more
effective when using the KTSP curriculum.
Every teacher should choose the most effective technique and should not use the
same technique with the other teachers in the same situations. Beside, to improve
teaching and learning process, a teacher must be creative to select the technique itself,
and also the technique used by the teacher should direct to the development of the
student skill. Klausmeier (2006) stated that each teacher must try to discover how the
children in his class develop and how they learn concepts and skills if the teacher
selects and organize instructional activities effectively. In teaching a language,
teacher should apply a good technique strategy to avoid student’s boredom. A teacher
also learns about student’s interest and motivations. Based on the statement presented
above, it is important to find out the suitable technique in teaching and learning
process. The writer conducts this research in order to help the teacher to know the
suitable teaching technique so that they can teach English effectively, especially in
SMU Nahdatul Ulama Kepanjen.
Kaifer (2004) says in his thesis that teaching English in senior high schools is
below the requirement standard because most of English teachers did not use
2
effective techniques. In addition Safi’i (2003) investigates the students’ response
toward the English teaching and learning techniques at Madrasah Aliyah
Muhammadiyah 1 Bojonegoro, he found several techniques applied by the teacher in
teaching and learning process. They are grammar translation method, direct method,
and audiolingual method. Nevertheless, grammar translation method was the
preferable method than others because it made students able to understand the
material delivered easily.
SMA Nahdatul Ulama Kepanjen is chosen because it is one of favourite schools
and the English teacher does not graduate from English education. SMA NU
Kepanjen is one of private high schools in Kepanjen. Besides, it is one of developed
high schools. It is has complete facilities and high disciplines.
The facilities are a computer laboratory, big library, internet room, and mosque
and basketball field, etc. Furthermore, this school applied high discipline by obliging
every student to use a complete attribute, to pray together in every dhuhur. Every
morning the teachers check the cleanness of classroom.
Consequently, the teacher must know the suitable techniques that may arouse the
student’s enthusiasm in teaching and learning process. Furthermore, the teacher
should give opportunities to the students more active in the class. It is necessary for
this research to investigate the teaching techniques used by the English teacher at first
grade students of SMA Nahdatul Ulama Kepanjen.
3
1.2 The Statement of the Problems
1. What are the techniques of teaching English used by the English teacher at
first grade students of SMA Nahdatul Ulama Kepanjen?
2. Why does the teacher use those techniques?
1.3 The Purpose of the Study
1. To know the techniques of teaching English used by the English teacher at
SMU Nahdatul Ulama Kepanjen
2. To know the reasons of the teacher in using those techniques
1.4 The Significance of the Study
The result of this study is expected to give some suggestions or feedbacks
for the English teacher at SMA Nahdatul Ulama Kepanjen in using teaching
techniques. Besides, this result can be used as a reference for EFL teacher who
wants to teach better by using various teaching techniques. Moreover, the result
of this study is very useful for all EFL teachers to prepare the teaching
techniques so that they become more professional English teacher. Finally, the
result of this study also can be used as reference for previous researcher who
wants to conduct similar research.
1.5 The Scope and Limitation
In this study, the researcher focuses on the techniques used by the teacher at
SMA Nahdatul Ulama Kepanjen. Beside, this research is limited at the first grade of
SMA Nahdatul Ulama Kepanjen.
4
1.6 The Definition of Key Terms
1. Teaching is showing or helping someone to learn how to do something with
knowledge, causing to know or to understand (Brown, 1987:6).
2. Teaching is implementation that which actually takes place in the classroom.
It is a particular trick, a strategy, or contrivance used to accomplish an
immediate objective. Technique must be consistent with a method, and
therefore in harmony with an approach as well.
3. Teaching techniques are the ways and means adopted by the teacher to direct
learner’s activities toward an objective. Techniques are the tools of the
teachers in teaching Gerlach, Ely, Melnick, (1980:187).
5
USED BY THE ENGLISH TEACHER AT FIRST GRADE
STUDENTS OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL NAHDATUL ULAMA
KEPANJEN
THESIS
By:
M.Zainal Arifin Mustofa
07360248
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
JULY 2013
A STUDY ON THE TECHNIQUES OF TEACHING ENGLISH
USED BY THE ENGLISH TEACHER AT FIRST GRADE
STUDENTS OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL NAHDATUL ULAMA
KEPANJEN
THESIS
This thesis is submitted as one of requirements to achieve Sarjana
Degree in English Education
By:
M.Zainal Arifin Mustofa
07360248
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
JULY 2013
This Theses was defended in front of examiners of Faculty of Teacher Training and
Education of University of Muhammadiyah Malang
and accepted as one of requirements to achieve
Sarjana Degree in Education
On July 30th, 2013
Approved by:
Faculty of Teacher Training and Education
University of Muhammadiyah Malang
Dean,
Drs. Syaifuddin, M.Pd.
Examiners:
Signatures:
1. Rina Wahyu Setyaningrum, M.Ed
..........................................................
2. Santi Prastiyowati, S.pd
..........................................................
3. Dra. Erly Wahyuni, M.Si
..........................................................
4. Hj. Fardini Sabilah, M.Pd
..........................................................
MOTTO AND DEDICATION
“Sesungguhnya beserta kesukaran ada kemudahan”
(QS: Al-Insirakh: 6)
“Barang siapa yang ingin mensejahterakan dunia hendaklah dengan ilmu, barang
siapa yang menginginkan ketentraman di akhirat hendaklah dengan ilmu, dan
barang siapa yang menginginkan kedua-duanya hendaklah dengan ilmu pula.”
(Al-Hadist)
DEDICATION
I dedicated this thesis to my beloved father and my mother, my sister, my soul mate,
and my friends
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillah, all praise is to Allah, the Merciful and Charitable. Thank to His
guidance, blessing, and affection, the writer can finish this thesis.
In completion this thesis, the writer would like to express his deepest gratitude
to Dra. Erly Wahyuni, M.Si as his first advisor and Hj. Fardini Sabilah, M.Pd as his
second advisor, for their suggestions, invaluable guidance, and motivation during the
consultation period and their comments and corrections during the completion of this
thesis.
His sincere gratitude and appreciation are also extended to the principle of
English Department who had given him the chance to conduct the research and the
administrative staff of the Centre Library of University of Muhammadiyah Malang
who had helped the smooth of conducting the research.
Finally, a special thank is given to my parents, Pudji and Anik Amah who
always give advice, pray, support to reach the success. To my brother and my sisters,
Mochammad Lestari Eko Subakti and Anista Putika. Thanks for your attention and
prayer in the process of finishing this thesis. Last, thanks to my friend M. Mahfud
who give support, motivation in the process of finishing this thesis.
Malang, August 1th, 2013
The Writer,
M. Zainal Arifin Mustofa
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ADVISORS’ APPROVAL..................................................................................
i
EXAMINERS’ APPROVAL..............................................................................
ii
MOTTO AND DEDICATION...........................................................................
iii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT......................................................................................
iv
ABSTRACT........................................................................................................... v
TABLE OF CONTENTS.....................................................................................
vi
LIST OF TABLE..................................................................................................
viii
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
1
1.1 The Background of the Study..................................................................
1
1.2 The Statement of the Problem.................................................................
3
1.3 The Purpose of the Study......................................................................... 4
1.4 The Significance of the Study.................................................................
4
1.5 The Scope and Limitation........................................................................ 4
1.6 The Definition of Key Terms..................................................................
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED OF LITERATURE.......................
5
6
2.1 The Text and Cohesion……………………………………………........ 6
2.2 The Cohesive Devices…………………………………………….........
9
2.2.1 The Grammatical Cohesive Devices....................................................
9
2.2.2 The Lexical Cohesive Devices.............................................................
18
2.3 The Thesis Writing..................................................................................
21
2.4 The Use of Cohesive Devices in Thesis..................................................
25
2.5 The Previous Studies on the Use of Cohesive Devices...........................
26
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY............................................
29
3.1 The Research Design...............................................................................
29
3.2 The Population and Sample………………………………………….....
30
3.3 The Data Collection………………………………………………….....
31
3.4 The Data Analysis.................................................................................... 32
CHAPTER IV: RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION......................
34
4.1 The Findings of the Types of Cohesive Devices ……………………....
34
4.1.1 The Types of Cohesive Devices...........................................................
34
4.1.2 The Inappropriateness on the Use of Cohesive Devices......................
38
4.1.3 The Frequency on of Cohesive Devices and their Inappropriateness... 44
4.2 The Discussion of the Types of Cohesive Devices and their
Inappropriateness…………...…………………………………………..
45
4.2.1 The Types of Cohesive Devices...........................................................
45
4.2.2 The Inappropriateness on the Use of Cohesive Devices......................
48
CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION…………………….....
54
5.1 The Conclusion………………………………………………………....
54
5.2 The Suggestion ………………………………………………………… 56
REFERENCES
APPENDIX
LIST OF TABLE
Table I: Personal Reference……………………………………………………...
10
Table II: The Summary of Types of Cohesive Devices......................................... 20
Table III: The Type of Cohesive Devices……………………………………...... 34
Table IV: The Inappropriateness on the Use of Cohesive Devices…...................
38
Table V: The Frequency of Cohesive Devices and their Inappropriateness.......... 44
REFERENCES
Arikunto, Suharsimi. 1992. Prosedur Penelitian: Suatu Pendekatan Praktik – Edisi
Revisi. Jakarta: PT. Bina Aksara.
--------------------------. 2010. Prosedur Penelitian: Suatu Pendekatan Praktik –
Edisi Revisi 2010. Jakarta: PT. Rineka Cipta.
Ary, Donald, Lucy Cheser Jacobs, Ashgar Razavieh, and Chris Sorensen. 2006.
Introduction to Research in Education – Seventh Edition. Belmont, CA:
Thomson Wadsworth.
Azar, Betty Scrampfer. 1999. Understanding and Using English Grammar – Third
Edition. New York: Pearson Education.
Bazerman, Charles. 1985. The informed Writer: Using English Grammar – Third
Edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.
Djuroto, Totok, and Bambang Suprijadi. 2007. Menulis Artikel dan Karya Ilmiah.
Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya.
Dwiloka, Bambang and Rati Riana. 2005. Teknik Menulis Karya Ilmiah. Jakarta: PT
Rineka Cipta.
Greenbaum, Sidney, and Randolph Quirk. 2003. A Student’s Grammar of the
English Language. Edinburgh: Longman
Halliday, M.A.K., Ruqaiya Hasan. 1976. Cohesion in English. London: Longman.
-------------------------------------------. 1992. Language, Context, and Text: Aspects of
Language in a Social-semiotic Perspective. Victoria: Deakin University.
Hartono. Bagaimana Menulis Tesis? – Petunjuk Komprehensif tentang Isi dan
Proses. Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang Press.
Khotimah, Siti. 2011. An Analysis of the Edwards Family Communication in the
Society in Stephanie Mayer’s Novel “Twilight”. Unpublished Thesis.
University of Muhammadiyah Malang.
Lubis, Hamid Hasan. 1993. Analisis Wacana Pragmatik. Bandung: Angkasa.
Nurudin. 2007. Dasar-dasar Penulisan. Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang Press.
Parrott, Martin. 2002. Tasks for Language Teachers: A Resource Book for Training
and Development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Pateda, Mansoer. 2001. Semantik Leksikal – Edisi Kedua. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
Riley, Kathryn, Frank Parker. 1998. English Grammar: Perspective, Descriptive,
Generative, Performance. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
Satori, Djaman, and Aan Komariah. 2009. Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif.
Bandung: Alfabeta.
Siswantoro, Heri. 2005. A Study on the Errors of Subject-verb Agreement Made by
Students in Their Theses. Unpublished Thesis. University of
Muhammadiyah Malang.
Sugiarti. 2005. An Analysis on Reference of Grammatical Cohesion Devices in the
Lyrics of Creed’s Song. Unpublished Thesis. University of Muhammadiyah
Malang.
Sugiati. 2004. An Error Analysis on Sentence Connectors Found in English
Department Students’ Theses. Unpublished Thesis. University of
Muhammadiyah Malang.
Swan, Michael. 1996. Practical English Usage – New Edition. Oxford: University
Press.
Tanjung, Bahdin Nur, and Ardial. 2010. Pedoman Penulisan Karya Ilmia (Proposal,
Skripsi, dan Tesis) dan Mempersiapkan Diri menjadi Penulis Artikel
Ilmiah. Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group.
Tarigan, Henry Guntur. 1993. Pengajaran Wacana. Bandung: Angkasa.
Tursini, Umi. 2005. An Analysis on Cohesion Devices Used in the Lyrics of Britney
Spears’ Songs. Unpublished Thesis. University of Muhammadiyah Malang.
Wishon, George E., Julia M. Burks. 1980. Lets’ Write English – Revised Edition.
Canada: Litton Educational Publishing, Inc.
Wulansih, Retya Dwi. 2010. The Problems Faced by the students of English
Department in writing Thesis at University of Muhammadiyah Malang.
Unpublished Thesis. University of Muhammadiyah Malang.
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
This chapter presents some sections dealing with background of the study,
statement of the problems, purpose of the study, the significance of the study, scope
and limitation and definition of key terms.
1.1 The Background of the Study
In this era of globalization, learning English is the most important language to
face globalization changes. The change brings great effect to all aspects of human life
including education. Therefore, there have been significant studies of English and
learning techniques. According to Albert (2002), by using teaching techniques, a
teacher can explain more easily to the students, and the student can understand easily
about the teacher’s explanation. In addition, the 1994 English teaching Guideline
(GBPP) (in Safi’i 2003), the aim of English teaching is making it as a tool of
communication. In last few decades, most students had felt unsatisfactory with the
result of the English teaching. This is because teaching and learning product is not
applicable in real life because most of the teachings only focus on text book. It is
seldom relieved by more exciting activities or more interest readings. The lessons are
most frequently lecturers, recitation, questioning, workbook or detailed exercises, and
quizzes largely limited to facts and information without much chance for students to
think, act, react, or enjoy. Moreover, Apriani (2004) says that in teaching and
learning English, teaching technique is the most important role for by using teaching
techniques a teacher can guide his students to achieve a goal of teaching and learning.
1
KTSP is the operational curriculum arranged and carried out each of education.
The curriculum development in level of education are arranged on the national
standard; they are basic standard curriculum, learning process, the educational
competence, the skill of education, learning facility, management, the expense and
value of education. Two of eight standard national of education above, they are the
basic curriculum standard and the educational competence. As aiming most important
education to developing curriculum. In conclusion, the learning process is more
effective when using the KTSP curriculum.
Every teacher should choose the most effective technique and should not use the
same technique with the other teachers in the same situations. Beside, to improve
teaching and learning process, a teacher must be creative to select the technique itself,
and also the technique used by the teacher should direct to the development of the
student skill. Klausmeier (2006) stated that each teacher must try to discover how the
children in his class develop and how they learn concepts and skills if the teacher
selects and organize instructional activities effectively. In teaching a language,
teacher should apply a good technique strategy to avoid student’s boredom. A teacher
also learns about student’s interest and motivations. Based on the statement presented
above, it is important to find out the suitable technique in teaching and learning
process. The writer conducts this research in order to help the teacher to know the
suitable teaching technique so that they can teach English effectively, especially in
SMU Nahdatul Ulama Kepanjen.
Kaifer (2004) says in his thesis that teaching English in senior high schools is
below the requirement standard because most of English teachers did not use
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effective techniques. In addition Safi’i (2003) investigates the students’ response
toward the English teaching and learning techniques at Madrasah Aliyah
Muhammadiyah 1 Bojonegoro, he found several techniques applied by the teacher in
teaching and learning process. They are grammar translation method, direct method,
and audiolingual method. Nevertheless, grammar translation method was the
preferable method than others because it made students able to understand the
material delivered easily.
SMA Nahdatul Ulama Kepanjen is chosen because it is one of favourite schools
and the English teacher does not graduate from English education. SMA NU
Kepanjen is one of private high schools in Kepanjen. Besides, it is one of developed
high schools. It is has complete facilities and high disciplines.
The facilities are a computer laboratory, big library, internet room, and mosque
and basketball field, etc. Furthermore, this school applied high discipline by obliging
every student to use a complete attribute, to pray together in every dhuhur. Every
morning the teachers check the cleanness of classroom.
Consequently, the teacher must know the suitable techniques that may arouse the
student’s enthusiasm in teaching and learning process. Furthermore, the teacher
should give opportunities to the students more active in the class. It is necessary for
this research to investigate the teaching techniques used by the English teacher at first
grade students of SMA Nahdatul Ulama Kepanjen.
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1.2 The Statement of the Problems
1. What are the techniques of teaching English used by the English teacher at
first grade students of SMA Nahdatul Ulama Kepanjen?
2. Why does the teacher use those techniques?
1.3 The Purpose of the Study
1. To know the techniques of teaching English used by the English teacher at
SMU Nahdatul Ulama Kepanjen
2. To know the reasons of the teacher in using those techniques
1.4 The Significance of the Study
The result of this study is expected to give some suggestions or feedbacks
for the English teacher at SMA Nahdatul Ulama Kepanjen in using teaching
techniques. Besides, this result can be used as a reference for EFL teacher who
wants to teach better by using various teaching techniques. Moreover, the result
of this study is very useful for all EFL teachers to prepare the teaching
techniques so that they become more professional English teacher. Finally, the
result of this study also can be used as reference for previous researcher who
wants to conduct similar research.
1.5 The Scope and Limitation
In this study, the researcher focuses on the techniques used by the teacher at
SMA Nahdatul Ulama Kepanjen. Beside, this research is limited at the first grade of
SMA Nahdatul Ulama Kepanjen.
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1.6 The Definition of Key Terms
1. Teaching is showing or helping someone to learn how to do something with
knowledge, causing to know or to understand (Brown, 1987:6).
2. Teaching is implementation that which actually takes place in the classroom.
It is a particular trick, a strategy, or contrivance used to accomplish an
immediate objective. Technique must be consistent with a method, and
therefore in harmony with an approach as well.
3. Teaching techniques are the ways and means adopted by the teacher to direct
learner’s activities toward an objective. Techniques are the tools of the
teachers in teaching Gerlach, Ely, Melnick, (1980:187).
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