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1.7 Definition of Key Term
The important terms in the analysis notes is need, are listed as follows: 1.
Id : It is seen as the biological component of
Personality Hall and Lindzey 68. 2.
Ego : It is seen as psychological component Hall and
Lindzey 68. 3.
Superego : It is seen as social component Hall and Lindzey 68.
4. Personality : Freud believed that the total personality is organized
into three major systems three major system of personality are the id, the ego, and the super ego
works together to create complex human behavior Sulaiman 7.
5. Sacrifice
: It is giving up something for something else Encyclopedia of Psychology and Religion.
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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED STUDY
2.1 Theoretical Framework
This chapter aims to explore some theories which are applied to analyze the novel A Thousand Splendid Suns by Khaled Hosseini. The focus of the study is to
find out the sacrifice that is portrayed in the character of Mariam and to know the effect of her sacrifice in the story. Thus, the researcher decided
that Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalysis will be the appropriate theory and New Criticism will be the
supporting theory in providing the academic support for the analysis.
2.2 Psychoanalysis
The word psychology is derived from Greek word; Psyche that means soul and logos means science. The meaning of psychology is the science of soul or the
science that identifies and learns about human behavior Atkitson 7. It means, psychology is the theory in analyzing human’s behavior that has character in their
personality. Meanwhile, psychoanalysis presences to know the indications of mental process in the humans mind or soul.
Psychoanalytic theory is a body of hypotheses concerning mental functioning and development in a man Brenner 11. Mental is something that relates to psycho or
soul and gives influence to individual behavior. Every individual behavior and expression is an impulse and a shadow from their mental condition
