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4.1.2.2.7 Implosive
An implosive sound is a stop made with an ingressive glottalic airstream. Such a sound is produced by way of a coarticulation of glottal and oral closure
involving implosion Djawanai, 1983: 117. In the Nataia, the implosive sounds are heard in words such as:
Table 4.18 Implosive Sounds
One may rightly infer from the descriptions above that Nataia has in its inventory exactly 22 consonant phonemes. The consonant phonemes of Nataia
include: p, b, t, d, k g, f, v, m, n, ŋ, h, j, r, l, ß,ɗ, ɣ, ř, and ğ. The Nataia shares three characteristic phonemes i.e., ß, ɗ and ɣ with
the other members of the Ngadha-Lio language grouping. In other words, ß, ɗ, and ɣ are found both in the inventory of the Nataia and in that of the other
members of the Ngada-Lio language grouping. In the Nataia, ß is found in words such as ßɑdɑ ‘buffalo’, ßuɑ ‘show up’, ßᴐɪ ‘pry up’, ßeᴐ ‘deny’ etc.
ɗ is found in words such as ɗᴐɪ ‘shoulder’, ɗᴐrɑ ‘throw away, ɗeᴐ ‘bring’ etc. ɣ is found in ɣɑmɑ ‘grope’, ɣᴐma ‘difficult’, ɣemᴐ ‘tired’ etc. In
addition, the Nataia possesses two unique phonemes of its own, namely the velar implosive ğ as in ğᴐe ‘negation’, ğeᴐ ‘shine’, ğᴐa ğele ‘sing’ and the
alveolar fricative ř as in rhui řui ‘meat’, rho’i ‘taro’, rhora ‘diarrhea’, rhea ‘a
Implosive Distribution
Example Meaning
ß initial
bhada ßada buffalo
medial rabha raßa
container from palm leaves
ɗ initial
dhora ɗora discard
medial radha raɗa
release ğ
initial only ‘geo
ğeo shine
‘goe ğoe
no negation PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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kind of gourd’, rha ‘blackbird’, etc. The three characteristic phonemes of the Ngada-Lio language grouping plus two unique phonemes of the Nataia are
certainly absent from the list of English phonemes. Based on the descriptions above, all the consonant phonemes of Nataia can
be put together in the following chart, showing both their place and manner of articulations.
Figure 4.2 Nataia Consonant Chart Orthography Adapted from Djawanai, 1983: 114
4.1.3 Nataia Phonological Processes
A phonological process is a term used to cover the way in which segments are influenced by adjacent segments, causing phonemes to vary in their
Consonant Sounds of Nataia :
Consonant Orthography
bi la
bi al
la bi
o- de
nt al
de nt
al al
ve ol
ar
al ve
o- pa
la ta
l
re trof
le x
ve la
r gl
ot ta
l
Nasals m
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