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know four factors which influence motivation in order to accomplish the action of encouraging the intrinsic motivation and giving the extrinsic motivation to the
students. The four factors which influence the students’ motivations are
behavioral approach, humanistic approach, cognitive approach, and sociocultural approach.
1. Behavioristic Approach
Based on the behavioral point of view, the concept of the student ’s
motivation is started by analyzing the incentive and reward which are given in the classroom Woolfolk, 2009: 189. The incentive is an object or a situation which
is given to encourage or attempt behavior. The reward is an object or a situation which is given to the students as a result or an effect of the behavior. A
behavioristic approach attempts to the extrinsic motivation.
2. Humanistic Approach
As cited in Woolfolk 2009: 190, Interpretation of humanistic motivation attempts to the sources of the intrinsic motivation of human needs, such as self-
actualization, actualizing tendency, and self-determination. Based on Maslow theory, human needs begin from the lowest foundation of pyramid and continue
until the highest part of Maslow’s pyramid to get the motivation. A person who can fulfill the lower part of the foundation will has much motivation rather than a
person who have not yet fufilled the lower part of the foundation. Maslow’s
theory about the human needs is one of the theories which influence motivation. Figure 1.2 shows that
Maslow’s hirarchy of human needs 1970 begin from the lower part of human needs until the highest part:
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F igure 1.2 Maslow’s hirarchy of needs
The important key of the Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is a person is not
satisfied to pursue some of the higher needs until the lower part of the foundation of human needs have
been fulfilled. For the classroom’s activities which are considered as the motivation, Maslow explains that the
classroom’s activities do not need to be outstanding obvious, innovative, or inspirational. In addition, based
on Maslow’s theory, the humanistic approach which is need by the students are physical needs, emotional, and intellectual.
3. Cognitive Approach
Based on the cognitive theory, a cognitive approach is attempted to the intrinsic motivation because human being will do something and look for
information to solve the problems. As cited in Brown 2001: 75, Hunt 1971 as a cognitive psychologist explains that the human being needs to decide what to
Self- Actualization
Esteem: Status
Esteem: Strength
Love Belongingness
Affection
Safety Security
Protection Freedom From
Fear Air
Water Food
Rest Exercise
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think or feel or do. In other words, human being can be said as a decision maker for themselves. In the classroom, when the learners can make their own decisions
or choices, the extrinsic motivation can wane because the learners know what to pursue and not to pursue. After that, the students will have their own motivation to
achieve their wishes and commands.
4. Sociocultural Approach
