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time, he knew what the tribe is and the system of the tribe. All of those characteristics can be seen from conversations and others
’ opinion about him. His expressions often show what type of person he is.
B. Shigeru’s Motivation in Adopting Takeo as His Son
Action and needs are two things that are interrelated. According to Murray needs is potentiality or readiness to respond in a certain way under certain given
circumstances. Action exists because of the needs, so it can be said that needs trigger the action. Because of this, I had revealed
Shigeru’s needs by using the table of Murray needs in order to reveal
Shigeru’s motivation in adopting Takeo as his son through his action. The needs are:
First is achievement. The acts that include in these needs are: to master,
manipulate, or organize physical objects, human beings, or ideas. Shigeru’s action
in the novel is Shigeru adopts Takeo and later teaches him everything manipulate him in order to kill Iida Sadamu. He himself cannot kill Iida Sadamu since he
was weaker than Iida.
Second is order. The acts that are included in these needs are: to put things in order, to achieve cleanliness, arrangement, organization, balance, neatness,
tidiness, and precision. Shigeru’s action in the novel is Shigeru plans everything in
a perfect order. It is shown when he managed to escape from Iida’s men or when he decided to adopt Takeo as his son and soon planned to kill Iida by teaching
Takeo as an assassin.
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Third is aggression. The acts that are included in these needs are: to overcome opposition forcefully, to fight, to revenge an injury, to attack, injure, or
kill another, to oppose forcefully or punish another. Shigeru’s action in the novel:
a fter Shigeru’s brother is killed by Iida’s men; he swears that he would revenge
for his brother ’s death. Because Shigeru is weaker than Iida, he searches an
assassin that can kill Iida. In the middle of his journey, he meets Takeo and right at the moment, he realizes who Takeo is. Later, he takes Takeo home and adopts
him as his son. Fourth is dominance. The acts that include in these needs are: to control
one’s human environment, to influence or direct the behavior of others by suggestion, seduction, persuasion, or command, to dissuade, restrain, or prohibit.
The action that shows this need is: Takeo is being saved and adopted by Shigeru. It means Takeo owes his life to Shigeru. Because of this reason, Shigeru can
control Takeo’s life, such as how he talks, acts or even how he lives his life. Fifth is defendance. The acts that include in these needs are: to conceal or
justify a misdeed, failure, or humiliation. After the land of Ottori was governed by Iida, there was no prosperity in the land.
Shigeru’s action in the novel: Shigeru feels that he must do something in order to bring peace in the land of Ottori. He
cannot do this alone; he must find someone that can kill Iida. After he meets Takeo, he adopts him and prepares him to kill Iida.
Sixth is harmavoidance. The acts that include in these needs are: to avoid pain, physical injury, illness, and death.
Shigeru’s action: Since Shigeru is weaker than Iida, he avoid clash with him. Instead of attack Iida in public, he chooses to
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wait the right time to kill Iida. He plans an assassination for Iida and adopting Takeo as his son is the first step in his plan.
Murray 1938 has said that the concept of subsidiation refers to a situation in which one need is activated to aid in satisfying another need. When one or more
needs are activated in the service of another need, it can be said that the former as being subsidiary and the latter as being determinant. The determinant need
regulates the action from the beginning, but may not itself become overt until the terminal phase of the total event. According to this theory, I have analyzed
Shigeru’s needs and found which need is the determinant need and which needs is subsidiary. The result is: n Dominance S n Achievement F n Order S n
Defendance F n Aggression C n Harmavoidance.
Figure 1.1 Subsidiation concept of Shigeru’s needs
n= need, F= fusion, C= conflicts, S= subsidiary to.
= Activate = Subsidiary
Fusion of needs
begin from the bottom to the top
Dominance
Determinant Fusion of needs
Harmavoidance Conflicts
Achievement Order
Aggression Defendance
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begin from the bottom to the top
In order to make the results more understandable, I have developed the subsidiation of Shigeru’s needs into figure Figure 1.1, where there are sixth
needs which are related to each other. The determinant needs are aggression and defendance which are fused with each other. According to Murray, being fused
means that those two needs can be satisfied by one behavior or a set of behaviors. Then, those two needs activate two needs, which are: achievement and order.
Aggression and defendance also has a conflict with harmavoidance. It means Shigeru is avoiding an injury or a clash with someone. Then, achievement
activates dominance.
Figure 1.2 Shigeru’s needs are changed into actions
After changing the needs into the action that represent it Figure 1.2, the series of actions is formed. The writer has read the last series of the novels,
Heaven’s Net is Wide, and it is easy to analyze the series of actions after reading it.
Conflicts Satisfied by
killing Iida Sadamu
Avoiding injury
= Activate = Subsidiary
Controlling someone find the right assassin Manipulate
Order Revenge
Justify misdeed
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In the last series, Shigeru already has a plan to assassinate Iida Sadamu and he goes to Mino in purpose to find the right assassin. In the middle of his journey,
Shigeru meets Takeo, whom he wants to be the assassin for the assassination of Iida Sadamu. Shigeru realizes that Takeo has a special ability and he decided to
adopt Takeo as a step in his plan. After adopting Takeo, he manipulates and orders him. This is done because Shigeru avoids the clash with Iida Sadamu. After he can
manipulate Takeo and order him, he can easily order Takeo to get revenge and justify the misdeed by assassinating Iida Sadamu. Takeo, however, also has his
own intention to kill Iida Sadamu because his family was slaughtered by him. It can be seen that Shigeru’s action of adopting Takeo as his son will lead to the
motivation of Shigeru, which is to kill Iida Sadamu. Shigeru’s real motivation also can be seen when he ordered Takeo to kill Iida
Sadamu, it is clear that Shigeru has planned this assassination from the first time he knew Takeo has possessed a unique ability. He cannot tell his true motivation
in adopting Takeo to everyone, thus he tells that he adopts Takeo because he had helped Takeo from danger and he must protect him whatever it takes. He also tells
that he needs a legal heir; therefore he adopted Takeo as his son. The conversation
that shows Shigeru’s real intention in adopting Takeo as his son is:
“Yes, I knew who you were as soon as I saw you on the path. I had come to Mino with the express purpose of finding you.”
“Because my father was an assassin?” “That was the main reason, but not the only one.”
“I knew very well who I was bringing into my household. I had not realized, though, that your talents would be so great; everything seemed to point to one
conclusion: that the time had come to assassinate him.” p.68
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That conversation shows why Shigeru adopted Takeo as his son. He tells Takeo that he came to Mino in purpose to search a person who can do an
assassination. In the middle of his journey, he meets Takeo and then he brings Takeo to his home. After Takeo is well prepared as an assassin, he asked him to
assassinate Iida Sadamu.
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CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS SUGGESTIONS
This chapter contains the Conclusions and Suggestions. The Conclusions show the answers of formulation based on the analysis. The suggestion gives two
suggestions. The first suggestion is for future researchers who might use this study as comparative study. The second suggestion is the implementation of the
teaching learning process so that the result of this study may be implemented in a real class teaching-learning situation.
A. Conclusions
From the analysis in chapter Four, I can conclude two things. First is about the characteristics of Shigeru and the second is about
Shigeru’s motivation in adopting Takeo as his son.
First, from the analysis, it can be concluded that Shigeru is a good person. He is calm and expressionless in every condition. He never shows his anger, his doubt
and his feeling in the public. Those are the characteristics of an introvert person. He is also responsible; he keeps his words until the end of his life. Every word
that came from his mouth had been carefully composed and of course will be obeyed by his retainer. Another characteristic that Shigeru has and makes him
very distinct from the others is manipulative. It is strange because being manipulative is usually found in a person who is cruel, evil and often tricky.
Shigeru can manipulate the facts and person to act like what he wants. He
