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c. Coherent Structure
According to White 1986, a coherent structure becomes one of four pillars of good writing. Therefore, whenever writers start to write, they should
have some kinds of organizational schemes. White 1986 introduces a scheme with which we are familiar, namely the five-paragraph essay. More specifically,
one paragraph introduces the topic, three paragraphs discuss three different aspects of the topic, and the other aims to summarize and to propose a conclusion.
Figure 2.9 below will show the scheme.
Figure 2.9 A Scheme in a Five-Paragraph Essay White, 1986: 8 The scheme described in Figure 2.9 can tell a quick sense on how an essay can be
structured into three essential parts, namely beginning, middle, and end.
d. Coherence Analysis
This part reviews some previous related studies in order to find out ways in analyzing coherence in a written work. Jones 2007 investigated the nature of
non-coherence in three different argumentative essays written by NS and NNS university students.
His analysis on the students’ essays covered three main
Title
How to improve your reading habits Introduction Paragraph 1
Many bright people become frustrated with learning because Paragraph 1they have poor
reading habits Typical example But is surprisingly easy to get rid of these poor habits by practicing three techniques. 1......,2.....,3.....
Body Paragraphs 2,3,4
Description of Technique 1
Description of Technique 2
Description of Technique 3 Conclusion Paragraph 5
Importance of practicing regularly so that the good habits can become ingrained.
It is easy once you set your mind to it.
29 activities. First, he started his analysis by restating the definition of coherence
used in his research. Second, he showed three students’ essays, as the evidence of
his analysis. Third, he provided his descriptive analysis toward the coherence problems he found in the essays. Below is the example of his descriptive analysis
Jones, 2007: 138: Text 5 illustrates loss of coherence within and between paragraphs. There
is no clear link in theme between the first and second paragraphs: the first is about the menacing effect of globalization on traditional society, African
in particular; the second on the threat to Australian society of the new technology. However, the writer does form a bridge between the two
paragraphs with the last sentence of the first paragraph which would be better placed at the start of the next.
Jones 2011, similar to his previous research, did quite similar activities in analyzing a student’s essay. In his analysis, he provided a descriptive analysis
towards the student’s essay Jones, 2011: 6:
But her skill fails her in Paragraph 4, where the four sentences are not explicitly connected to one another. The disconnection is especially abrupt
between the second and third sentences, the latter introducing a new subtopic. These separate sentences may be “chunks” that Maria has
imported from her reading and does not know how to integrate.
Jones 2011: 5 believes that “criteria for analysis of the text derive from the definition of the genre essay itself and of coherence, as set out earlier.
” Accordingly, his analysis focuses the extent to which the writing shows a logical
order, in which its ideas should hang together. This can clearly imply that in this research, the related theories of coherence can be used in order to develop the
criteria in analyzing coherence problems in the students’ essays. Further, the
criteria was clarified more completely in Data Analysis Technique in Chapter III. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
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e. Ways in Developing Coherence
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