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results were presented into percentage.
F. Research Procedures
In conducting the research, the researcher follows the ten steps for conducting document analysis based on Fraenkel and Wallen 2008 on their book
pages 475-479. The research procedures were explained in details. The procedures are described as follows.
1. Determining Objectives
Since the researcher intended to analyze the documents of English items of National Examination, the researcher determined the problem formulations and
the objectives of the research. The objectives of the research were to obtain information on the content validity and the authenticity of the English test items
on senior high school National Examination year 2012. The information were obtained deeper and details.
2. Defining Terms
The research gained the information related to the validity and authenticity of language testing, the research method, and the research instruments. After
gaining information, the researcher ensures the definitions of the related terms are employed in this research either beforehand or as the study progresses. The
definitions of the terms which were employed in this research were taken from books, journals, e-books, and e-journals.
3. Specifying the units of analysis
The researcher limited the units of analysis before conducting the research. The units of analysis for this research are the content of the documents related to
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the content validity and authenticity of English test items of National Examination year 2012 for senior high schools which were administered in Yogyakarta. The
English test items of the National Examination which were analyzed and discussed were listening and reading test items. By specifying the unit of analysis,
the research analysis and research discussion would not be broadened and generalized.
4. Locating Relevant Data
After determining the objectives and specifying the units of analysis, the researcher determined the relevant data. Data which were going to be used for this
research were the documents of Graduate Competence Standard year 2012 for senior high schools, the document of Competence Standard-Basic Competence of
English subject for senior high schools grades 10
th
up to 12
th
, and the documents of English items of National Examination year 2012 for senior high schools
administered in Yogyakarta. Besides, the researcher used several checklists to analyze the data.
5. Developing a Rationale
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