66
66
Table 4.4 The Dissemination of the Similar Kinds of the Reading Test Items
Test Items
Test Topics keywords A57
B69 C71
D32 E45
16
A Message to Mr. Anwar
A Message to Mr. Anwar
A Message to Mr. Anwar
A Message to Mr. Anwar
A Message to Mr. Anwar
17, 18
A letter from Indrawan Tan
A letter from Imam Subagyo
A letter from ICTG A letter from ICTG
A letter from Annie Wright
19, 20 “Country Club”
“Office Suits” “Galaxy Tour”
“Galaxy Tour” “Prime Plaza Hotels and
Resorts”
21, 22
A Cap Seller A Cap Seller
A Cap Seller A Cap Seller
A Cap Seller
23, 24
Tourist Boats Collided in Thailand
ASEAN Indonesia Government
and WWF Indonesia Government
and WWF Madonna Sues Manhattan
co-op.Board
25-27 Dr. Abdulrachman Saleh
Milton Friedman Agustinus Adisucipto
Agustinus Adisucipto Alfred Bernhard Nobel
28, 29 Notice to Bid Purchase
of C.C Call for Proposals
Announcement to All Staff
Announcement to All Staff
Notice to Bid Purchase of C.C
30-32
Photosyntesis Remote Sensing
An Aurora An Aurora
Rocks
33-35 Raja Ampat
Kapopo-sang Wakatobi
Wakatobi Negeri Sembilan
36-38
A Laptop A Natural Disaster
Toba Eruption Toba Eruption
Immune System
39-41
Smoking Being on time
Smoking Kids’ watching TV
Agriculture
42-44
Boarding School Education
Solar Energy Study Groups
Study Groups Beggars
45-46
Laskar Pelangi Laskar Pelangi
Laskar Pelangi Laskar Pelangi
Laskar Pelangi
47
A Fantastic Holiday Cooking Noodles
Having a Pet Having a Pet
Visiting Oceanorium
48-50 A Super Mother
A Trip to Hampshire My Time in Valencia
My Time in Valencia Octopuses
67
1. Authenticity of the Listening Test Items
There were fifteen test items belonging to the listening test on National Examination year 2012. First from the analysis, the researcher found out only
40 of the test items fulfills naturalness language used in the test items indicator. It did not refer to all conversation in the listening test but the percentage was
represented by the monologue texts. The researcher underlined Brown’s definition of natural language use in conversations. According to Brown 2004, there are
two of three features which can be used to express natural language use in listening comprehension section; they are hesitations and white noise p.28.
Hesitations are one of the features of natural language used by people when conducting conversations like “um” or “err”. While white noise means
background noise of the conversation. It refers to any sounds outside the main speakers’ saying. It may be sounds of vehicles, a cat, a train, music, or people
talking. White noise may be used to explain where the conversations take place. Therefore, the conversations sound likely in real-world conversations rather than
designed recordings. Second, the researcher recognized that the interlocutors speak in the
conversations of listening test items likely as native speakers. The language used in the conversations is similar to the real-world conversations and there are some
word reduction in order to make the conversations natural, like in the conversations of the listening test item numbers 1,2 3, and 5. In the listening test
question number 2, for instance, the woman reduced the word did and not into didn’t
. Word reduction is common to be used in the conversations. However,
68 there is no hesitations and white noise found in the conversations. Therefore, the
conversations sound like designed recordings.
Table 4.5 The Percentages of Authenticity of the Listening and Reading Test Items
No Research Findings
Percentages
1. The authenticity of the listening test items test tasks and test
texts 88
2. The authenticity of the reading test tasks
96.7 3.
The authenticity of the reading test texts 71
Afterwards, all listening test items on National Examination year 2012 are considered as contextualized items. It is because the test items are not developed
from a lot of learning topics but the test items are developed from two learning topics integrated in the blueprints namely transactionalinterpersonal expressions
and monologue
texts. The
conversations which
included transactionalinterpersonal expressions are sequenced in the test items number one
up to nine. The sequence of item numbers ten up to 14 are contextualized in form of monologue texts and the topics of the texts are oriented from real-world
situations like animals, hobbies, and disasters, for instance, test item number 10 is a short spoken monologue text about an animal. The test items number 12 and 13
refer to a short spoken monologue text in a form of radio report. It is not found topical problems on the test items in analyzing the
authenticity of the listening test items. All learning topics of the fifteen test items on the listening test are relevant for the learners. The learners in this context are
senior high school students and the learning topics used in the conversations are about asking for and giving direction, expressing pleasure, thanking,
69 complaining
, asking for and giving information, and offering help. The listening topics used in the spoken monologue texts in the listening test are about animals, a
natural disaster, and kind of hobbies. All topics in the listening test take place in daily-life situation.
According to Brown 2004, there should be some thematic items organization on an authentic test items p.28. In the listening test on National
Examination year 2012, the researcher found out that four test items are organized in a form of story lines. It is seen from the listening test transcription in appendix
one on pages 88 up to 91 that show the listening test questions 12 and 13 refer to the same spoken monologue text telling about a snowstorm while the listening test
questions 14 and 15 refer to the same spoken monologue text telling about anacondas
. Later, there were 27 of the total test items which were organized into thematic organization. This indicates that the listening test items qualified the
indicator. Thus, the researcher rounded up the total qualified test items into 15 test items it means all test items were included in order to simplify the calculation.
Lastly, the real-world representativeness could be exhibited in all listening test items. The conversations and the spoken monologue texts often take place in
daily-life situation. Besides, the spoken monologue texts told about something from real-world situation like animals, a kind of hobbies, and a natural disaster.
After calculating the total number of the test items which qualified for the five authenticity criteria, the researcher put the result into percentage. As the result, the
listening test items of National Examination year 20112012 are 88 authentic which is as displayed in table 4.5.
70
2. Authenticity of the Reading Test Items
