An Analysis Of Phrasal Verbs In Dan Brown’s The Lost Symbol And Its Translation Into Bahasa Indonesia By Ingrid Dwijani Nimpoeno

AN ANALYSIS OF PHRASAL VERBS IN DAN BROWN’S THE LOST SYMBOL AND ITS TRANSLATION INTO BAHASA INDONESIA BY INGRID DWIJANI NIMPOENO

A THESIS

BY:

MARINA W P SIHOMBING Reg. No. 070705023

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF HUMANIORA

UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN

AN ANALYSIS OF PHRASAL VERBS IN DAN BROWN’S THE LOST SYMBOL AND ITS TRANSLATION INTO BAHASA INDONESIA BY INGRID DWIJANI NIMPOENO

A THESIS BY:

MARINA W P SIHOMBING Reg. No. 070705023

Supervisor, Co.Supervisor,

Dr. Roswita Silalahi, Dip. TESOL, M. Hum Dr. Drs. Eddy Setia, Med TESP NIP. 19540528 198303 2 001 NIP. 19570412 198403 1 001 Submitted to the Faculty of Humanity University of Sumatera Utara in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of Sarjana Humaniora in English Department.

ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF HUMANITY

UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN

Aprroved by the English Department of Faculty of Humanity

University of North Sumatera (USU) Medan as thesis for The Sarjana

Humaniora Examination.

Chairperson,

Secretary,

Dr. H.Muhizar Muchtar, MS

Dr. Hj. Nurlela, M.Hum

NIP.

19541117 198003 1 002

NIP.

19590419 198102 2 001

Accepted by the Board of Examiners in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of Sarjana Humaniora from the English Department, Faculty of Humanity, University of North Sumatera, Medan.

The examination is held on the Faculty of Humanity, University of North Sumatera on .

The Dean of Faculty of Humanity University of North Sumatera

Dr. H. Syahron Lubis, MA NIP.19511013 197603 1 001

Board of Examiners

……… ……… ……… ………

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

First and the foremost, I would honored God Almighty ho has, is and will always giving His Blessings to His Creation.

The overall discussion in this thesis deals with the procedures of translation used in translating phrasal verbs found in Dan Brown’s The Lost Symbol and its translation into Bahasa Indonesia by Ingrid Dwijani Nimpoeno.

Let me take this opportunity to express my gratitude to: Dr. Drs. Syahron Lubis, M.A as the Dean of Faculty of Humanity, USU. Next, my gratitude to the Head of English Department, Dr. H.Muhizar Muchtar, MS and Dr. Hj. Nurlela, M.Hum as the Secretary, for their assistance and guidance and, most of all, their advises during my academic years in English Department.

Next, I would like to thank my Supervisor, Dr. Roswita Silalahi, Dip. TESOL, M. Hum, and my Co-Superisor Dr. Drs. Eddy Setia, Med TESP for their countless contributions and assistances by providing constructive comments to this thesis. Moreover, for all their motivations and advises for my personal improvements, I can pay them all nothing in return.

I also would like to dedicate my gratitude to Dra. Swesana Mardia Lubis, M. Hum for the encouragement during my study in English Department.

I will never forget to thank my big family of Sihombing, I dedicate this thesis to them for they are the definition of inspiration for me. First, to my

very-only-best father, S.Sihombing and my irreplaceable mother in the world, S.Hutapea for all the lecturers, life-lesson and countless love affection. It would never happen without your struggles and prays. And to be on this stage of life, I know you have sacrificed many things for our family. This new lines can never describe how my love to you both, but all I know, I love you, my extraordinary parents. Nothing, ever, in this world, can pay your love.

I also thank all my sisters, Jessica Sihombing and Triani Sylvana Sihombing, and to my only brother, Agung Kurniawan Sihombing, for the endless love, care, and kindness that encourage me to finih this thesis.

My gratitude is also adressed to Tulang Yosua and his family who always support me to accomplish this thesis.

Many thanks to all my colleagues in English Department, for sharing me their best friendhip, and the unforgetable moments I have spent in campus. I would regret not meeting you, people. All the best for you.

Great thanks must also go to all my brother and sisters in “Gracefull”, to Bang Yayang, Kak Marline, Mariana, Nelly, Ida and Dorta who has always supportive during these years. Thanks for all the love, care, sharing. May God bless yu all!!

Special thanks go to Haryono Simangunsong, SE who is always being so loving, caring, and kindness that encourage me to finish this thesis.

Last but not least, the writer would like to say thank to all my friends whose name cannot put in this thesis. You all will be in my heart. Thanks a lot for everything that you have done for me. Finally, I hope this thesis will always be beneficial for all the readers.

Medan, July 2011

MARINA W P SIHOMBING Reg. No. 070705023

AUTHOR’S DECLRATION

I, MARINA W P SIHOMBING, declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. Except where reference is made in the text of this thesis. This thesis contains no material published else where or extracted in whole or in part from a thesis by which I have qualified for or awarded another degree.

No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgments in the main text of this thesis. This thesis has not been submitted for the award of another degree in any tertiary education.

Signed :

COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

Name : MARINA W P SIHOMBING

TITLE : An Analysis of Phrasal Verbs in Dan Brown’s The Lost Symbol and Its Translation into Bahasa Indonesia by Ingrid Dwijani Nimpoeno.

Qualification : S1/ Sarjana Humaniora Departement : English

I am willing that my thesis should be available for reproduction at the disertation of the librarian of English Department, Faculty of Humanity, University of Sumatera Utara, on the understanding that the users made aware of their obligation under the law of the Republic of Indonesia.

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ABSTRAK

Skripsi ini berjudul “An Analysis of Phrasal Verbs in Dan Brown’s The Lost Symbol and Its Translation into Bahasa Indonesia by Ingrid Dwijani Nimpoeno”, yang merupakan suatu analisis mengenai prosedur terjemahan yang digunakan dalam penerjemahan phrasal verbs pada novel Dan Brown berjudul The Lost Symbol ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia oleh Ingrid Dwijani Nimpoeno. Teori yang digunakan untuk mengidentifikasikan prosedur tersebut ialah teori prosedur terjemahan Vinay dan Dalbernet yang terdapat dalam buku berjudul The Translation Studies Reader (Venuti, 2000:84-93), yang menyatakan ada dua metode dalam penerjemahan yaitu: metode langsung dan metode tidak langsung. Metode langsung mencakup 3 prosedur terjemahan, yaitu: peminjaman (borrowing), calque, terjemahan kata-per-kata (literal translation). Metode tidak langsung mencakup 4 prosedur terjemahan, yaitu: transposisi (transposition), modulasi (modulation), ekuivalens (equivalence), dan adaptasi (adaptation). Dari analisis yang dilakukan ditemukan 140 phrasal verbs yang diterjemahkan dengan menggunakan prosedur terjemahan Vinay dan Dalbernet; antara lain: 11 phrasal verbs diterjemahkan dengan menggunakan prosedur terjemahan kata-per-kata 7.86 %, 18 phrasal verbs diterjemahkan dengan menggunakan prosedur terjemahan transposisi of 12.86 %, 43 phrasal verbs diterjemahkan dengan menggunakan prosedur terjemahan modulasi 30.71 %, 63 phrasal verbs diterjemahkan dengan menggunakan prosedur terjemahan ekuivalens 45 %, dan 5 phrasal verbs diterjemahkan dengan menggunakan prosedur terjemahan adaptasi 3.57 %. Namun, tidak ditemukan phrasal verbs yang diterjemahkan dengan menggunakan prosedur peminjaman dan Calque. Dari analisis, diketahui bahwa prosedur terjemahan ekuivalens yang paling dominan digunakan dalam penerjemahan phrasal verbs.

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

Adj Adjective

Adv Adverb

N Noun

N.O Noun Object

O Object

Prep Preposition P.O Pronoun Object SL Source Language TL Target Language

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... i

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION ... iv

COPYRIGHT DECLARATION... v

ABSTRACT ... vi

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ... vii

TABLE OF CONTENTS ... viii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study ... 1

1.2 Scope of the Study ... 4

1.3 Problems of the Study ... 4

1.4 Objectives of the Study ... 4

1.5 Significances of the Study ... 5

1.6 Review of Related Literature ... 6

CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK 2.1 Translation 2.1.1 Definitions of Translation……….7

2.1.2 Function of Translation……….8

2.1.3 Types of Translation………..9

2.1.4 Process of Translation………10

2.1.5 Methods of Translation…………...11

2.2 Phrasal Verbs 2.2.1 Definitions of Phrasal Verbs………13

2.2.2 The Importance of Phrasal Verbs………15

2.2.3 Kinds of Phrasal Verbs………16

2.2.4 Word Order in Phrasal Verbs…………..17

CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH 3.1 Research Method ... 22

3.2 Population and Sample ... 22

3.3 Methods of Data Observation ... 23

3.4 Methods of Data Analysis ... 24

CHAPTER IV ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS 4.1 Data Analysis ... 26

4.3 Data Findings ... 45

CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 5.1 Conclusions……….. 47

5.2 Suggestions………...47

BIBLIOGRAPHY………48 APPENDIX

ABSTRAK

Skripsi ini berjudul “An Analysis of Phrasal Verbs in Dan Brown’s The Lost Symbol and Its Translation into Bahasa Indonesia by Ingrid Dwijani Nimpoeno”, yang merupakan suatu analisis mengenai prosedur terjemahan yang digunakan dalam penerjemahan phrasal verbs pada novel Dan Brown berjudul The Lost Symbol ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia oleh Ingrid Dwijani Nimpoeno. Teori yang digunakan untuk mengidentifikasikan prosedur tersebut ialah teori prosedur terjemahan Vinay dan Dalbernet yang terdapat dalam buku berjudul The Translation Studies Reader (Venuti, 2000:84-93), yang menyatakan ada dua metode dalam penerjemahan yaitu: metode langsung dan metode tidak langsung. Metode langsung mencakup 3 prosedur terjemahan, yaitu: peminjaman (borrowing), calque, terjemahan kata-per-kata (literal translation). Metode tidak langsung mencakup 4 prosedur terjemahan, yaitu: transposisi (transposition), modulasi (modulation), ekuivalens (equivalence), dan adaptasi (adaptation). Dari analisis yang dilakukan ditemukan 140 phrasal verbs yang diterjemahkan dengan menggunakan prosedur terjemahan Vinay dan Dalbernet; antara lain: 11 phrasal verbs diterjemahkan dengan menggunakan prosedur terjemahan kata-per-kata 7.86 %, 18 phrasal verbs diterjemahkan dengan menggunakan prosedur terjemahan transposisi of 12.86 %, 43 phrasal verbs diterjemahkan dengan menggunakan prosedur terjemahan modulasi 30.71 %, 63 phrasal verbs diterjemahkan dengan menggunakan prosedur terjemahan ekuivalens 45 %, dan 5 phrasal verbs diterjemahkan dengan menggunakan prosedur terjemahan adaptasi 3.57 %. Namun, tidak ditemukan phrasal verbs yang diterjemahkan dengan menggunakan prosedur peminjaman dan Calque. Dari analisis, diketahui bahwa prosedur terjemahan ekuivalens yang paling dominan digunakan dalam penerjemahan phrasal verbs.

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1Background of the Study

There are thousands of languages in this world, for instance Bahasa Indonesia, English, Spanish, Deutsch, etc. Every language is unique which means that one language is different to another language whether it is in sounds, words, and the structure of the sentences. The function of language as a tool of communication finds obstacle when it is related to the diversity of language itself. It is hard to use unknown language as a tool of communication especially in the international communication. In order to overcome the obstacle, there should be a solution which is called as “translation”.

Basically, translation is studying the lexicon, grammatical structure, communication situation, and cultural context of the source language text, analyzing it in order to determine its meaning, and then reconstructing this same meaning using lexicon and grammatical structure which are appropriate in the receptor language and its cultural context (Larson, 1984:3). Translation functions as a means to transfer equivalent message from one language to another, so that communication of human keeps going on.

Hoener (1962:15-16) explains that every language has its own structure which may be consisted of many units such as morphemes, words, phrases, clauses and sentences. Those units can still be classified into the most specific aspects, for instance, in English; there are part of speech, gerund, idiomatic

expressions, phrasal verbs, etc. Phrasal verb is one of the aspects of language that will be discussed further in this thesis.

As defined in English Vocabulary in Use (McCarthy, 2001:170) phrasal verbs are basic verbs which can be combined with different prepositions (or particles) to make verbs completely new – and often unguessable – meanings. Its meaning is not predictable from the usual grammatical rules of a language or from the usual meanings of its constituent elements. The sense of meaning of phrasal verbs can mean something different from what the words literary imply.

Based on its characteristics, people find difficulties to translate the phrasal verbs. It is usually not translated well; in some cases, when it is translated into another language, either its meaning is changed or it is meaningless. This case may occur in the literary translated, such as in the translated novel. In this thesis, the writer will analyze the phrasal verbs found in Dan Brown’s The Lost Symbol and its translation into Bahasa Indonesia by Ingrid Dwijani Nimpoeno.

This novel tells about the story of a lecturer named Professor Robert Langdon who is asked to complete the puzzle code in a small ancient pyramid by Mal’akh in order to find the hidden treasure which is assumed under the Capitol Building.

In the translation of Dan Brown’s The Lost Symbol, the writer finds phrasal verbs, such as:

Source Language (English):

The Otis elevator climbing the south pillar of the Eiffel Tower was overflowing with tourists. (page 6)

Target Language (Bahasa Indonesia):

Lift Otis yang naik merayapi pilar selatan Menara Eiffel itu dipenuhi turis. (page 25)

The translator translates overflowing with into dipenuhi. The active sentence is changed into the passive sentence, but it does not change the sense of meaning totally. In this case, the translator uses “equivalence” which refers to the methodology of translation where language describes the same situation by different stylistic or cultural means.

Considering the uniqueness of the phrasal verbs causing the problem in translating it into another language, the writer eager to get deeper understanding about the most appropriate way to translate it. Finally, the writer will identify procedures of translation, based on Vinay and Dalbernet in Venuti (2000:84-93), implemented by the translator in translating the phrasal verbs. Thus, the title of this thesis is “An Analysis of Phrasal Verbs in Dan Brown’s The Lost Symbol and Its Translation into Bahasa Indonesia by Ingrid Dwijani Nimpoeno”

1.2 Scope of the Study

In order to avoid excessively large discussions, the study is focused on phrasal verbs. The data that are going to be analyzed are found in Dan Brown’s The Lost Symbol and its translation into Bahasa Indonesia by Ingrid Dwijani Nimpoeno.

1.3 Problems of the Study

The problems of analysis in the thesis are:

1. What are the procedures of translation found in the translation of phrasal verbs in Dan Brown’s The Lost Symbol into Bahasa Indonesia?

2. What is the most dominant procedure of translation occurred in the translation of phrasal verbs in Dan Brown’s The Lost Symbol into Bahasa Indonesia?

1.4 Objectives of the Study

The objectives of analysis in the thesis are:

1. To figure out the procedures of translation found in the translation of phrasal verbs in Dan Brown’s The Lost Symbol into Bahasa Indonesia. 2. To figure out the most dominant procedure of translation occurred in the

translation of phrasal verbs in Dan Brown’s The Lost Symbol into Bahasa Indonesia.

1.5 Significances of the Study

A study is done due to certain significances it has. The significances of the study can be both theoretical and practical. It means, the result of a study could be beneficial for developing knowledge and insight, and also can be applied for daily living (Silalahi, 2010:2-3).

Based on the statement above, this study has two major significances. First, this thesis is expected to enlarge the writer’s and reader’s knowledge about

translation and phrasal verbs. Second, it is expected to be helpful for people especially the students who wants to be a translator or currently work as a translator, to learn how to conduct translating especially in the case of phrasal verbs.

1.6 Review of Related Literature

I use several major references in doing this analysis

Harahap (1994) in The Study of English Idioms and Their Uses explains about the difficulties of phrasal verbs that there is no rule that will take us in advance what verbs will govern what prepositions. Because of this special feature, phrasal verbs must be studied as a whole. We cannot change any part of it because it will cause the change of its meanings.

Hasna (2001) in An Analysis of Phrasal Verbs in Bill Manhoff’s play The Owl and The Pussy Cat explains phrasal verb as an expression that does not follow the normal pattern of the language or that has a total meaning not suggested by its separate words.

Machali (2000) in Pedoman Bagi Penerjemah explains that each language has its own rules which might be different from other language. The translator may use some methodology in order to transfer the meaning from SL to TL and result the best translation.

Venuti (2000) in Introducing Translation Studies explains Vinay and Dalbernet’s model, discussing the methodology for translation, which is used to transfer the meaning from SL to TL. It explains that ‘equivalence’ as one of the methodology for translation is particularly useful in translating the idioms and phrasal verbs.

CHAPTER II

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

2.3 Translation

2.3.1 Definitions of Translation

Basically, the term translation itself has several meanings: it can refer to the general subject field, the product (the text that has been translated) or the process (the act of producing the translation, otherwise known as translating) (Munday, 2001:5). Nevertheless, the definition of translation is not that simple. Further elaboration is needed to make it obvious. Many experts in translation theory define translation in different ways.

Etymologically, “translation is carrying across or bringing across”: the Latin translatio derives from transfere (trans = across + fere = to carry or to bring) (Translation 2005:1)

Catford (1965:20) states that translation is the replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL).

Levy as cited in Venuti (2000:148) explains two definitions of translation based on the teleological and pragmatic point of view. From the teleological point of view, translation is a process of communication: the objective of translating is to impart the knowledge of the original to the foreign reader. From the point of view of the working situation of the translator at any moment of his work (that is form the pragmatic point of view), translation is a decision process: a series of a certain number of consecutive situations imposing on the translator the necessity

of choosing among a certain (and very often exactly definable) number of alternatives.

Moreover, translation also deals with semantic and culture aspects. Hatim and Mason (1997:1) say, “Translating … as an act of communication which attempts to relay, across cultural and linguistic boundaries, another act of communication (which may have been intended for different purpose and different readers/ listeners)”

2.3.2 Function of Translation

Translation is attempted to be used to overcome barriers in international communication (Haugen 2001:17). It means that translation is expected to overcome the obstacle faced in the international communication caused by the variety of language.

Translation is studying the lexicon, grammatical structure, communication situation, and cultural context of the source language text, analyzing it in order to determine its meaning, and then reconstructing this same meaning using lexicon and grammatical structure which are appropriate in the receptor language and its cultural context. (Larson 1984:3). It means that the translation functions as the bridge of human’s communication in order to keep the communication going on, especially in the international communication

2.3.3 Types of Translation

Jakobson (1959/2000: 114) formulates categories of translation into three parts, namely intralingual, interlingual and intersemiotic translation.

a. Intralingual translation (or ‘rewording’) is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs of the same language. It would occur, for example, when we rephrase an expression or text in the same language to explain or clarify something we might have said or written.

b. Interlingual translation (or ‘translation proper’) is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of some other language. It would occur if written text were translated, for example, into music, film or painting.

c. Intersemiotic translation (or ‘transmutation’) is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of a sign of non – verbal sign systems. It would occur if we translate a text from one language to another language, such as English into Bahasa Indonesia.

2.3.4 Process of Translation

The process of translation involves the translator changing an original text (the source text or ST) in the original verbal language (the source language or SL) into a target text (TT) in a different verbal language (the target language or TL).

Nida and Taber (1969:33) cited in Munday (2001:6) divide the process of translation into three stages: analysis of the source language, transferring the message of the source language, and restructuring of the transferred message in the receptor language.

Figure 1: Nida’s three – stage system of translation (Munday, 2001:6) a. The analysis stage is the process in which grammatical relationship and

the meaning of words or its combination are analyzed.

b. The transfer stage is the process in which the analyzed material in stage 1 are transferred in the translator’s mind from source language into target language.

c. The restructuring stage is the process in which the writer rewrite or re-express the material in such a way that the translation product is readable and acceptable in terms of rules and style in the target language.

2.3.5 Method of Translation

There are two general translation methods identified by Vinay and Dalbernet (2000:84-93): direct and oblique translation. The two methods comprise seven procedures of translation, of which direct translation covers three: borrowing, calque and literal translation. Oblique translation covers four: transposition, modulation, equivalence and adaptation.

A (source language) B (receptor language)

(analysis) (restructuring)

a. Borrowing

The SL word is transferred directly to the TL. Sometimes it is employed to add local color.

e.g.

SL : durian ; orangutan (Bahasa Indonesia)

TL : durian ; orangutan (English)

b. Calque

This is ‘a special kind of borrowing’ where the SL expression or structure is transferred in a literal translation.

e.g.

SL : ambition ; cell (English)

TL : ambisi ; sel (Bahasa Indonesia)

c. Literal translation

This is ‘word – for – word’ translation, which is described as being most common between languages of the same family and culture.

e.g.

SL : I go to school every day (English)

TL : Saya pergi ke sekolah setiap hari (Bahasa Indonesia) d. Transposition

This is a change of one part of speech for another without changing the sense.

e.g.

SL : My hobby is reading. (English) N

TL : Hobi saya adalah membaca. (Bahasa Indonesia) V

e. Modulation

The changes the semantics and point of view of the SL. e.g.

SL : I left my purse in the bus. (English)

TL : Dompet saya tertinggal di bus. (Bahasa Indonesia) f. Equivalence

It refers to cases where language describes the same situation by different stylistic or structural means. It is particularly useful in translating idioms and proverbs.

e.g.

SL : She looks for her purse. (English)

TL : Dia mencari dompetnya. (Bahasa Indonesia) g. Adaptation

It involves the changing the cultural reference when a situation in the source culture does not exist in the target culture.

e.g.

SL : Elisabeth will marry with John (English)

TL : John akan menikahi Elisabeth. (Bahasa Indonesia)

2.1 Phrasal Verbs

2.1.1 Definitions of Phrasal

Verbs

In spoken language, most speakers of English use phrasal verbs. Consequently, phrasal verbs form a very important part of English. They are used to give life and richness to the language by enabling it to absorb new concepts which need to be expressed linguistically in a new way. Phrasal verbs take the existing words, combine them in a new sense, and bring new expression.

The question is what the phrasal verb is? To give the exact understanding of Phrasal Verbs, the writer would like to give some definitions of phrasal verb given by some linguists.

Basically, the term phrasal verb refers to a verb and preposition which together have a special meaning (Azar, 1989:A26).

Phrasal verbs are lexical verbs which consist of more than just the verb word itself (Halliday, 1994:207).

Phrasal verb is a verb consisting of a simple verb plus one or more particles, the meaning is no generally predictable from the meaning of the component part (Warriner, 1982:88)

Phrasal verbs are combination of verbs plus particle that regularly occur together (Biber, 1999:407)

Phrasal verb is combination of a verb and a particle which together have a meaning different from the costumary meaning of the two words (Crowell, 1964:401)

Victoria Fromkin and Robert Rodman (1974:121) in An Introduction to Language explain that knowing a language obviously means knowing the morphemes, simple words, compound words, and their meanings. But in addition, there are fixed phrases, consisting of more than one word, which have meaning which cannot be inferred by knowing meaning of individual word. Such phrases are called phrasal verbs.

Phrasal verbs are traditional rather than logical. The meaning of a verb may be no clue to its meaning in an idiomatic verb-adverb combination. We will

notice that phrasal verbs are mostly made up of popular words. They are used by all classes of people and are common to both standard and non standard speech. Often a particular phrasal verb may be categorized in various ways according to similarities or structure, image and content.

Since the general tendencies of present-day English are toward more idiomatic usage, phrasal verbs are not a spare part of language which one can choose either to use or to omit, but they form an essential part of the general vocabulary of the English. A description of how the vocabulary of the language is growing and changing will help to place phrasal verbs in perspective. We shall also consider some changing attitudes towards language, several different aspects of Phrasal verbs.

In simple way, it can be concluded that a phrasal verb is an expression that does not follow the normal pattern of the language or that has a total meaning not suggested by its separate words.

2.1.2 The Importance of Phrasal

Verbs

a. Phrasal verbs are very common and widely used by English – speaking people, both in everyday speech and in writing. They are particularly common in the media – newspapers, magazines, etc. b. Phrasal verbs are often a single verb, usually of classical origin,

corresponding to a phrasal verb, e.g

do without = economize on give up = abandon

break in = interrupt cut out = delete leave out = omit

but the single word can often sound odd or much too formal in everyday speech.

e.g.

A: I am endeavouring to determine whether it would be more advisable to reduce my consumption or to abandon the habit altogether.

B: You mean you are trying to decide whether you should cut down or give up.

c. Phrasal verbs are dynamic, that is, we are constantly inventing (making up) new ones and giving new meanings to old ones – slang and the conversation of young people are full of such things

e.g.

It turns me on (excite me)

He’s into meditation (deeply interested in)

He keeps plugging away at the same old arguments (repeating and insisting)

2.1.3 Kinds of Phrasal Verbs There are two kinds of phrasal verbs: separable and nonseparable phrasal verbs.

- Separable phrasal verbs

A noun or pronoun may come either between the verb and the preposition or after the preposition

e.g.

SL: I handed my paper in yesterday. Noun/ Pronoun

I handed in my paper yesterday. Noun/ Pronoun

TL: Saya menyerahkan tugas saya kemarin.

- Nonseparable phrasal verbs

A noun or pronoun must follow the preposition. e.g.

SL: I ran into an old friend yesterday Noun/ Pronoun

TL: Saya tidak sengaja bertemu teman saya semalam.

2.1.4 Word Order in Phrasal

Verbs

There are three word orders in phrasal verbs: verb + preposition, verb + adverb + preposition, verb + adverb.

If the particle is a preposition, the phrasal verb will always have an object, which follows the preposition in the usual way:

Verb + Preposition + Object e.g

Noun object : look after the dog V Prep O Pronoun object : look after it V Prep O

b. Verb + Adverb + Preposition

If the phrasal verb has two particles (adverb + preposition) the pattern is the same:

Verb + Adverb + Preposition + Object e.g

Noun object : look down on your enemies V Adv Prep O

Pronoun object : look down on them V Adv Prep O The commonest two-particle combinations are:

up to up for up with down on down to in for in on

in with out for

c. Verb + Adverb

If the particle is an adverb, the word order depends on: (a) whether there is an object, and

(b) if there is an object, whether the object is a personal pronoun or a noun e.g

a. without an object: Verb + Adverb e.g.

go away V Adv set off V Adv

b. with a personal pronoun as object: Verb + Pronoun Object + Adverb e.g.

put them away V P.O Adv bring it up V P.O Adv

The pronoun must always come between the verb and the adverb. c. with a noun as object:

When the object is a noun or an indefinite pronoun, there are two possible patterns.

1. When the object is a personal pronoun Verb + Noun Object + Adverb

e.g.

put your toys away

V N.O Adv

bring the matter up

V N.O Adv

2. When the object follows Verb + Adverb + Noun Object e.g.

put away your toys V Adv N.O Bring up the matter V Adv N.O

Unfortunately there are no simple rules to say which pattern is ‘correct’ in any particular situation – the choice may depend on a slight change of meaning, on the rhythm of the sentence, or sometimes on the personal preference of the speaker.

In general, the phrasal verb is more likely to have the literal meaning of its parts when the verb and adverb are kept together: and a transferred or changed meaning when they are separated.

The first pattern is commonly used i) With short, simple nouns

e.g.

ST: pay the money back TL: kembalikan uang itu

ST: put your toys away TL: singkirkan mainanmu ii) With indefinite pronoun

e.g.

SL: hand everything over

TL: menangani semuanya sampai selesai SL: leave nothing out

TL: tidak meninggalkan apapun iii) With the names of people

e.g.

SL: pick John up TL: menjemput John iv) With idiomatic expressions

That is, where the meaning is in the whole expression rather than in the individual words.

e.g.

SL: Don’t give the game away.

TL: Jangan menyerah.

SL: His speech brought the house down.

TL: Perkataannya sangat mengesankan.

The second pattern are commonly used i) When the object is a long one

e.g.

TL: Dia mencoba menemukan cara bagaimana 2+2 menjadi 5.

ii) When the object is followed by a contrast or a second object e.g.

SL: Pick up John, but not Philip. TL: Jemput John bukan Philip.

CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH

3.1 Research Method

In writing the thesis, the research method of the analysis is the library research by consulting some books and dictionaries to collect the theories. In additional, some information is also found form the website to support or complete the collected theories.

In describing and explaining the findings, the method used is descriptive qualitative method. It refers to a research explaining the analysis or a hypothesis of a research (Strauss, 2003:7). The formula dealing with calculating data is merely used to support the data analysis. The formula is not intended to be the main focus on the research.

3.2 Population and Sample

The data that are going to be analyzed are gathered from Dan Brown’s novel entitled The Lost Symbol and its translation into Bahasa Indonesia by Ingrid Dwijani Nimpoeno.

3.3 Method of Data Observation

There are some pages chosen as the sample of the data analysis by using systematic sampling presented by Coheran (Silalahi, 2010:264-265). In the systematic sampling, the researcher is allowed to uncover more subtle differences

that might be evident when comparing polar opposites. It also allows the maintenance of the greater consistency in data gathering (Strauss 1990:184).

Using the Coheran’s systematic sampling, the samples can be selected by using a certain formula. The formula is:

N : Total number of population n : Number of samples

k : Interval

The source of data consists of 133 chapters and 523 pages, however 23 pages are including the inside cover, acknowledgement, prolog and epilog. In total, there are 500 pages for the content of chapters.

Thus, with N = 500 and n = 50, numbers of interval are: N = n . k 500 = 50 . k

k = 10

Therefore, the sample taken is 50 pages with interval 10, started from page 6, 16, 26, 36, 46, 56, 66,76, 86, 96, 106, 116, 126, 136, 146, 156, 166, 176, 186, 196, 206, 216, 226, 236, 246, 256, 266, 276, 286, 296, 306, 316, 326, 336, 346, 356, 366, 376, 386, 396, 406, 416, 426, 436, 446, 456, 466, 476, 486, 496.

3.4 Methods of Data Analysis

The steps done in collecting and analyzing the data are: N = n . k

1. Reading the novel in English as the source text (ST) and its translation into Bahasa Indonesia as the target text (TT).

2. Identifying words and phrases that are included as phrasal verbs. 3. Selecting some data which strongly related to the phrasal verbs. 4. Listing the words occurred as the data findings.

5. Identifying the equivalence between ST and TT.

6. Contrasting the words in ST and TT in order to figure out the procedures of translation used.

7. Identifying the procedures of translation occurred. 8. Classifying the procedures of translation occurred.

9. Finding out the most dominant procedures of translation occurred in the translation.

In order to figure out the most dominant procedures of translation occurred in the translation, this thesis is going to apply a formula referring to Malo’s method of social research (1986:200).

Following is the formula of calculating the percentage of the procedures used:

X : Number of the subcategory of the procedures of translation y : Number of all data

CHAPTER IV

ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS

4.1 DATA ANALYSIS

Tabel 1: Table of Data Analysis NO

DATA SOURCE TEXT TARGET TEXT

METHODS OF

TRANSLATION 1. “I’ll get out on the next

level.” (page 6, line 6)

“Aku akan keluar di tingkat berikutnya.” (page 25, line 6)

Equivalence

2. “I thought by now you would have gotten over this.” (page 6, line 7)

“Seharusnya saat ini kau sudah bisa mengatasinya.” (page 25, line 10)

Equivalence

3. I’ve got to get out of this box! (page 6, line 10)

Aku harus keluar dari kotak ini! (page 25, line 14)

Equivalence

4. Far beneath them, the streets of Paris stretched out in all directions. (page 6, line 13)

Jauh di bawah mereka, jalan-jalan

Kota Paris membentang ke

segala arah. (page 25, line 17)

Equivalence

5. Just hold on. (page 6, line 15)

Bertahanlah. (page 25, line 21)

Equivalence 6. The boy reached out for

his father. (page 6, line 21)

Bocah itu menjangkau ayahnya.

(page 26, line 1-2 )

Equivalence

7. Then the bottom dropped out. (page 6, line 24)

Lalu, lift terhujam ke bawah. (page 26, line 5)

Modulation

8. Robert Langdon jolted upright in his soft leather seat, startling out of the semiconscious daydream. (page 6, line 25)

Robert Langdon tersentak di kursi kulit

empuk, terbangun

dari lamunan setengah sadarnya. (page 26, line 6)

Equivalence, Modulation

9. I’m sorry, Mr. Solomon is trying to get off a conference call. (page 16, line 3)

Maaf, Mr. Solomon sedang berusaha mengakhiri telepon-konferensi. (page 39, line 2)

Equivalence

fill you in on his reason for contacting you, if you don’t mind?” (page 16, line 6)

beliau meminta saya memberi tahu Anda

alasan beliau menghubungi Anda. Jika anda tidak keberatan.” (page 39, line 5)

11. And Mr. Salomon is hoping you would consider filling in.” (page 16, line 27)

Dan Mr. Salomon

berharap Anda bersedia

menggantikannya.” (page 40, line 5)

Adaptation

12. “If I recall, that lecture had more to do with the Masonic history of the building than ---” (page 16, line 36)

“Seingat saya, ceramah itu lebih berhubungan dengan latar belakang Masonik bangunan itu daripada ---” (page 40, line 17)

Transpositition

13. Many conspiracy theorists claimed the Masonic forefathers had concealed

powerful secrets throughout Washington

along with symbolic messages hidden in the city’s layout of streets. (page 26, line 24)

Banyak penganut kospirasi yang menyatakan bahwa para pendiri AS penganuut Mason menyembunyikan rahasia-rahasia besar di seluruh Washington, bersama-sama

dengan pesan-pesan

simbolis yang tersembunyi dalam tata letak jalan-jalan kota. (page 53, line 23)

Modulation

14. The keypad lit up, and Katherine typed her PIN. (page 46, line 5)

Papan-kuncinya menyala, dan Katherine

mengetikkan PIN. (page 80, line 32)

Modulation

15. The director’s dark from drew closer, phone held to ear, black eyes locked like two lasers on Langdon’s back. (page 66, line 5)

Sosok gelap Direktur itu semakin mendekat, dengan telepon di telinga dan mata hitam yang terpaku pada punggung

Langdon seperti dua sinar laser. (page 105, line 28)

16. He turned and his eyes were drown down … directly into the face of a tiny Japanese woman. (page 66, line 14)

Dia berbalik dan matanya langsung terpaku … pada wajah seorang perempuan Jepang mungil. (page 106, line 9)

Transposition

17. That’s why I asked him to come back today. (page 96, line 9)

Itulah sebabnya,saya memintanya untuk kembali hari ini. (page 148, line 5)

Equivalence

18. Katherine strode over, eyes riveted to the plasma wall. (page 106, line 9)

Kathrine

mendekat,matanya terpusat pada layar plasma. (page 162, line 20)

Equivalence, Transposition

19. Anderson looked over at the bag Landon had been carrying all evening. (page 116, line 14)

Anderson memandang tas yang dibawa Langdon sepanjang malam. (page 175, line 22)

Modulation

20. Anderson pulled out his radio again and called in her request. (page 116, line 17)

Anderson mengeluarkan

radionya lagi dan meneruskan

permintaan Sato. (page 175, line 26)

Modulation, Equivalence

21. He had just been run over by a tiny Japanese steamroller. (page 116, line 23)

Dia merasa seolah baru saja dilindas oleh sebuah mesin penggiling Jepang mungil. (page 175, line 34)

Equivalence

22. “And I want that ring,” Sato called over to Forensics. (page 116, line 25)

“Dan aku menginginkan cin-cin

itu,” teriak Sato

kepada tim forensik. (page 176, line 1)

Equivalence

23. Mal’akh put the Taser back in his pocket and calmly finished his tea. (page 126, line 12)

Mal’akh menyimpan kembali pistol-pengejut itu

keras-keras ke dada

Solomoan. (page 189, line 4)

24. Mal’akh got down close and whispered in the man’s ear. (page 126, line 16)

Mal’akh medekat dan berbisikditelinga lelaki itu. (page 189, line 10)

Equivalence

25. Without another word, Mal’akh wadded up the monogrammed napkin and stuffed it into Solomon’s mouth. (page 126, line 18)

Tanpa sepatah katapun lagi, Mal’akh

menggulung serbet bermonogram itu dan memasukkannya ke mulut solomoan. (page 189, line 13)

Modulation

26. On his way out, he picked up Solomon’s iPhone and keys from the hall table. (page 126, line 21)

Dalam perjalanan keluar, dia memungut iPhone Solomoan dan kunci-kunci dari meja lorong. (page 189, line 16)

Modulation

27. Langdon noticed the numbers on the doors were now descending and, after a while, seemed to be running out. (page 136, line 10)

Langdon mengamati bahwa nomor-nomor pada pintu kini semakin kecil dan,setelah beberapa

saat, tampaknya habis. (page 203, line 13)

Transposition

28. The group backed up a few yards to an old metal door, which Langdon now realized was located at the hallway’s central point – the meridian that divided the Senate Basement (SB) and the House Basement (HB). (page 136, line 16)

Kelompok itu mundur

beberapa meter menuju sebuah pintu logam tua,yang kini disadari Langdon terletak di titik tengah loronf—garis

membujur yang membagi Ruang Bawah Tanah Senat (Senate Basement,SB) dan Ruang Bawah Tanah House of Representatives(House Basement, HB). (page 203, line 21)

Equivalence

29. As it turned out, the door was indeed marked, but its engraving was so faded, it was almost imperceptible. (page 136, line 19)

Ternyata pintunya memang ditandai, tapi tulisannya memang pudar sehingga hampir tidak terlihat.

(page 203, line 25) 30. Langdon wanted nothing

more than to get out of the place. (page 156, line 22)

Langdon ingin sekali keluar dari tempat itu. (page 231, line 3)

Equivalence

31. “Sometimes Masons set aside rooms like this in their offices or private homes as meditation spaces. (page 156, line 28)

“Terkadang kaum

Mason membuat

ruangan seperti ini dikantor atau rumah mereka sebagai ruang meditasi.” (page 231, line 11)

Equivalence

32. Langdon knew a heart surgeon in Langdon who had converted a closet in his office into a Masonic Chamber of Reflection so he could ponder mortality before going into surgery. (page 156, line 31)

Langdon mengenal seorang ahli bedah jantungdi Boston yang mengubah sebuah lemari di kantornya menjadi sebuah bilik Perenungan Mason, sehingga dia bisa merenungkan

kefanaan hidup

sebelum melakukan

pembedahan. (page

231, line 16)

Modulation

33. Anderson listened a moment longer and then shook it off. (page 166, line 4)

Anderson mendengarkan

beberapa saat lagi, lalu menggelengkan kepala. (page 243, line 23)

Adaptation

34. I’ve got to get out of here. (page 166, line 4)

Aku harus keluar dari sini. (page 243, line 24)

Equivalence

35. Taken aback, Langdon looked to Anderson for help, but the chief was now standing guard at the door, his expression unsympathetic. (page 166, line 15)

Dengan terkejut Langdon memandang Anderson, meminta bantuan, tetapi kepala keamanan itu kini berdiri menjaga pintu dengan raut wajah tidak simpatik. (page 244, line 2)

Transpositition

36. “Okay, hold on … I got it.” (page 176, line 3)

“Oke, tunggu …

kutemukan.” (page

257, line 15)

37. She heard him lunge, and the smell of ethanol washed over her as a powerful hand grabbed at her shoulder. (page 186, line 3)

Katherine mendengar lelaki itu menerjang, dan bau etanol menyapunya ketika sebuah tangan kuat meraih bahunya. (page 270, line 19)

Modulation

38. She twisted away, raw terror gripping her. (page 186, line 4)

Dia menggeliat membebaskan diri, dicengkram kengerian yang amat sangat. (page 270, line 20)

Modulation

39. Mathematical probability went out the window, and Katherine broke into a blind spirit. (page 186, line 5-6)

Probabilitas

matematis terlupakan dan Katherine mulai berlari membabi buta. (page 270, line 21-22)

Modulation, Transposition

40. Katherine backed up several steps. (page 186, line 27)

Katherine mundur

beberapa langkah. (page 271, line 14)

Equivalence

41. The smell of ethanol on his sleeves had proven a liability, and so he had transformed it into an asset, stripping off his shirt and jacket and using them to help corner his prey. (page 186, line 36)

Bau etanol di lengan bajunya telah terbukti menghalangi, jadi dia harus mengubahnya jadi asset. Dia melepas kemeja dan

jaketnya, dan menggunakan

keduanya untuk membantu

memojokkan mangsa. (page 271, line 24)

Equivalence

42. High enough that an enlightened man can reach down and touch it. (page 196, line 16)

Cukup tinggi, sehingga manusia yang tercerahkan bisa menjangkau dan menyentuhnya. (page 285, line 24)

Equivalence

43. The key consisted of four grids – two plain and two dotted – with the alphabet running through them in order. (page 196, line 34)

Kuncinya terdiri atas empat kisi-dua sisi kosong dan dua kisi bertitik-titik – disertai huruf yang ditulis sesuai urutan di dalam masing-masing bagian kisi. (page 286, line

15) 44. Then suddenly her mother

pulled away. (page 206, line 10)

Lalu mendadak ibunya melepaskan diri. (page 297, line 34)

Modulation

45. She winced and shrank back, as if the pain had just hit her. (page 206, line 21)

Dia mengernyit, terenyak, seakan rasa sakit itu baru saja

dirasakannya. (page

298, line 11)

Equivalence

46. When she got back to the conservatory, she found her mother lying motionless in a pool of blood. (page 206, line 24)

Ketika kembali ke

rumah kaca, dia mendapati ibunya berbaring tak bergerak dalam genangan darah. (page 298, line 16)

Transposition

47. “Robert, you leave me a difficult task with respect to this pyramid.” (page 216, line1)

“Robert, kau memberiku tugas yang

sulit sehubungan

dengan piramida ini.” (page 311, line 14)

Transposition

48. Langdon stopped short and wheeled around. (page 216, line 13)

Langdon berhenti dan memutar tubuh. (page 311, line 31)

Modulation

49. Whether or not I believe this lost wisdom has the potential than history suggests, I have taken a vow to keep it out of the hands of the unworthy. (page 216, line 24)

Tak peduli aku percaya atau tidak bahwa kebijakan yang hilang ini memiliki potensi seperti yang dikatakan dalam sejarah, aku telah bersumpah untuk menjauhkannya dari tangan mereka yang tidak layak. (page 312, line 12)

Equivalence

50. And I would not give it over to anyone … even in exchange for Peter Solomon’s life. (page 216, line 25)

Dan aku tidak akan menyerahkannya kepada seseorang … sekalipun ditukar dengan nyawa Peter Solomon. (page 312, line 13)

Literal Translation

51. Panicking now, Andros turned to flee back up the path, but he found himself

Andros, yang kini panik, berbalik untuk

kembali berlari Equivalence

facing Peter Solomon, who stood breathless before him, pistol in hand. (page 226, line 3)

menyusuri jalan setapak, tapi dia mendapati dirinya berhadapan dengan Peter Solomon yang berdiri kehabisan napas di depannya dengan pistol di tangan. (page 325, line 13)

52. “Zach’s bridge rotted out long ago,” Solomon said, painting. (page 226, line 8)

“Jembatan Zach sudah lama melapuk,”

ujar Salomon terengah-engah. (page

325, line 20)

Transposition

53. “He was the only one who ever came down this far.” (page 226, line 9)

“Dia satu-satunya yang pernah pergi sejauh ini.” (page 325, line 21)

Modulation

54. “Men do the unthinkable when pushed to the brink.” (page 226, line 15)

“Manusia melakukan hal yang tak terpikirkan jika terpojok.” (page 325, line 31)

Modulation

55. What kind of man leaves his son in a prison when he has the option to get him out! (page 226, line 18)

Lelaki macam apa yang meninggalkan putranya di penjara, padahal dia punya

pilihan untuk membebaskannya!

(page 326, line 4)

Equivalence

56. The warmth ran down over his stomach. (page 226, line 24)

Kehangatan itu mengalir keperut.

(page 326, line 11)

Equivalence

57. He looked over his shoulder at the drop. (page 226, line 24)

Dia menengok kebelakang, melihat jurang itu. (page 326, line 12)

Adaptation

58. He turned back to Solomon. (page 226, line 25)

Dia menoleh kembali kepada Solomon. (page 326, line 13)

Literal translation

59. As he raced his black limousine back toward Kalorama Height, the one who now called himself Mal’akh reflected on the

Ketika memacu limusin hitamnya kembali ke kalorama height, orang yang kini menyebut dirinya

miraculous events that had delivered him from certain death atop that icy ravine. (page 226, line 33)

sendiri sebagai Mal’akh merenungkan kejadian-kejadian ajaib yang menyelamatkannya

dari kematian yang pasti di atas jurang sedingin es. (page 326, line 22)

60. The guard put her radio back on her belt and began retracting her steps, eager to get back to the warmth of her vehicle. (page 236, line 4-5)

Petugas itu menyimpan kembali

radionya di ikat pinggang dan mulai berjalan balik, ingin segera kembali pada kehangatan

kendaraannya. (page 338, line 14-15)

Literal translation, Equivalence

61. Puzzled, she walked over to it, now seeing the source – a low transom window, apparently to the home’s basement. (page 236, line 8)

Dengan bingung, dia berjalan mendekat, dan kini melihat sumbernya – sebuah benda kecil rendah, tampaknya menuju ruang bawah tanah. (page 338, line 19)

Literal translation

62. The glass of the window had been blacked out, coated on the inside with an opaque paint. (page 236, line 10)

Kaca jendelanya dihitamkan, bagian dalamnya dilapisi cat buram. (page 338, line 21)

Equivalence

63. There was no answer, but as she knocked on the window, the paint chip suddenly detached and fell off, affording her a more complete view. (page 236, line 18)

Tidak ada jawaban. Tapi ketika dia mengetuk jendela, serpihan cat mendadak terlepas dan jatuh, memberinya

pandangan yang lebih

menyeluruh. (page

338, line 31)

Modulation

64. A. D. stands for Albrecth Durer? (page 256, line 3)

A. D. singkatan dari Albrecth Durer? (page 367, line 4)

Modulation

door, and Langdon used Bellamy’s key card to get through. (page 256, line 17)

pintu terkunci, dan Langdon

menggunakan kartu-kunci Bellamy untuk masuk. (page 367, line 20)

66. She plunged her hand into her pocket and eagerly snatched it out. (page 276, line 27)

Dia memasukkan tangan ke dalam saku,

lalu mengeluarkan

ponsel dengan

bersemangat. (page

392, line 12)

Modulation

67. Sato hung up and turned back to Bellamy with a smug smile. (page 276, line 31)

Sato menutup telepon,

dan kembali memandang Bellamy

dengan senyum bangga. (page 392, line 18)

Equivalence, Literal Translation

68. Fate had placed the pyramid within Andros’s reach, and he knew that ignoring it was like holding a winning lottery ticket and never cashing it in. (page 286, line 7)

Nasib telah meletakkan piramida

itu di dalam jangkauan Andros.

Dia tahu, megabaikannya

adalah seperti memegang tiket lotre

kemenangan dan tak pernah

menguangkannya. (page 405, line 16)

Modulation

69. He had stopped working out, and he stopped admiring himself naked in the mirror. (page 286, line 11)

Dia berhenti berolahraga dan

berhenti mengagumi ketelanjangan

tubuhnya sendiri di cermin. (page 405, line 21)

Equivalence

70. He still relied on the painkillers that had nursed him through his recovery, and felt himself slipping back to the lifestyle that had put him in Soganlik Prison. (page 286, line 15)

Dia masih mengandalkan

tablet-tablet penghilang

nyeri yang diminumnya di sepanjang masa pemulihannya, dan dia merasa dirinya telah menyelinap kembali ke

dalam gaya hidup yang menjebloskannya ke Penjara Soganlik. (page 405, line 26) 71. I took back control. (page

286, line 23)

Aku kembali memegang kendali. (page 406, line 3)

Literal Translation

72. That night, high on his new stash of drugs, Andros staggered into a local tattoo parlor and took off his shirt. (page 286, line 25)

Malam itu, ketika sedang teller akibat narkoba barunya, Andros berjalan terhuyung-huyung

memasuki kios tato local dan melepas kemeja. (page 406, line 5)

Equivalence

73. “Come back when you’re ready.” (page 286, line 33)

“Kembalilah ketika

kau sudah siap.” (page 406, line 16)

Equivalence

74. They reached the grand staircase to the main entrance, which was set back in an eighty-foot archway beneath a breathtaking rose window. (page 296, line 3)

Mereka mencapai tangga besar menuju pintu masuk utama yang berada di dalam lengkungan setinggi dua puluh empat meter di bawah jendela bulat

kaca-patri yang

menakjubkan. (page

420, line 2)

Transposition

75. Langdon’s shoulder ached from carrying the heavy stone pyramid, and he was looking forward to setting it down. (page 296, line 8)

Bahu Langdon terasa sakit karena membawa piramida batu yang berat itu, dan dia ingin sekali meletakkannya. (page 420, line 8)

Equivalence

76. As they approached the top of the stairs, they were met with an imposing pair of wooden doors. (page 296, line 10)

Ketika mendekati puncak tangga,

mereka disambut

sepasang pintu kayu yang mengesankan. (page 420, line 10)

Modulation

77. The dean held out his hands. (page 306, line 11)

Kepala katedral menjulurkan kedua

tangannya. (page 433, line 5)

78. Langdon unzipped his bag and pulled out the pyramid, which he carefully hoisted up on the desk, setting it directly in front of the reverend. (page 306, line 12-13)

Langdon menarik ritsleting tas dan mengeluarkan piramida, yang

diletakkannya dengan hati-hati ke atas meja persis di depan pendeta. (page 433, line 6-7)

Modulation, Transposition

79. When he was finished, he held out his hands again. (page 306, line 15)

Ketika sudah selesai,

dia kembali menjulurkan tangan.

(page 433, line 12)

Modulation

80. Then he reached out and located the cube-shaped box, taking it in his hands, feeling carefully, his fingers probing inside and out. (page 306, line 27)

Lalu dia menjulurkan tangan dan meraih kotak berbentuk kubus itu, menggenggamnya dengan kedua tangan, meraba-rabanya dengan cermat, jari-jarinya memeriksa bagian dalam dan bagian luarnya. (page 433, line 26)

Modulation

81. The question took Langdon off guard. (page 306, line 33)

Pertanyaan itu mengejutkan

Langdon. (page 434, line 1)

Equivalence

82. Now, exactly as the dean had promised, they burst out of the cathedral into a massive, walled-in courtyard. (page 326, line 6)

Kini, persis seperti yang dijanjikan oleh kepala katedral, mereka keluar dari

katedral dan memasuki pekarangan

luas berdinding. (page 458, line 8)

Modulation

83. Bad eyes make for great ears. (page 326, line 20)

Mata yang buruk menjadikan telinga tajam. (page 458, line 25)

Modulation

84. “We can’t get across,” Katherine said. (page 326, line 28)

“Kita tidak bisa menyebrang,” ujar Katherine. (page 459, line 8)

Equivalence

85. “Hold on … look.” (page 326, line 29)

“Tunggu … lihat.” (page 459, line 9)

86. As the letters shone brighter, Katherine turned off the gas, and the water slowly stopped churning. (page 336, line 3)

Ketika huruf-huruf itu bersinar lebih terang, Katherine mematikan gas, dan airnya perlahan-lahan

berhenti bergolak. (page 472, line 5)

Equivalence

87. The capstone now came into focus beneath the water’s calm surface. (page 336, line 4)

Batu puncak itu kini tampak jelas di bawah permukaan air tenang. (page 472, line 6)

Transposition

88. Then he reached down and pressed the speakerphone button to connect the call. (page 346, line 4)

Lalu dia menjulurkan tangan dan menekan tombol pengeras-suara untuk menerima telepon itu. (Page 485, line 17)

Equivalence

89. “Or I will pull over and Peter Solomon dies this instant!” (page 346, line 23)

“Atau aku akan berhenti dan Peter Solomon mati saat ini juga!” (Page 486, line 5)

Equivalence

90. “When you turn over Peter, I’ll give you everything you need.” (page 346, line 35)

“Ketika kau menyerahkan Peter,

akan ku serahkan segala yang kau perlukan.” (Page 486, line 22)

Equivalence

91. When Katherine followed the capstone’s directions and boiled the pyramid, the wax melted away, revealing the writing on the base. (page 356, line 9)

Ketika Katherine mengikuti petunjuk-petunjuk batu-puncak dan merebus piramida itu di ruang duduk,

lilinnya meleleh

mengungkapkan

tulisan di bagian dasarnya. (page 498, line 18)

Equivalence

92. Painfully, he swept an arm to one side, pushing the leather bag out of the way to clear his sight line into the dining room. (page 356, line 20)

Dengan penuh rasa sakit dia menyapukan tangan ke samping, menyingkirkan tas kulit agar pandangannya ke ruang makan tidak terhalang. (page 498,

line 34) 93. Langdon rolled, kicking

with his legs, trying to back away, but the huge tattooed man grabbed him, flipping him onto his back and straddling his chest. (page 356, line 28)

Langdon berguling, menendang-nendang,

mencoba mundur

tetapi lelaki bertato bertubuh besar itu meraih tubuhnya, menelentangkannya,

dan menduduki dadanya. (page 499, line 8)

Equivalence

94. Before Langdon could process anything more, the huge man clasped Langdon’s ear between his palms, lifted his head up off the floor, and, with incredible force, smashed it back down onto the hardwood. (page 356, line 36-37)

Sebelum Langdon bisa mencerna lebih jauh lagi, lelaki bertubuh

besar itu menangkupkan kedua telapak tangannya pada masing-masing telinga Langdon, mengangkat

kepalanya dari lantai, dan dengan kekuatan yang luar biasa, membenturkannya

kembali ke kayu-keras. (page 499, line 19-20)

Literal Translation, Literal translation

95. “Hold on,” he said. (page 366, line 6)

“Tunggu,” katanya. (page 512, line 9)

Equivalence 96. Nestled between two

much larger buildings, the Moorish façade was made of gleaming terra-cotta tile laid in intricate multicolored designs. (page 366, line 13)

Diapit dua gedung yang jauh lebih besar,

bagian depan bangunan bergaya Moor itu terbuat dari ubin terakota berkilau

yang dipasang membentuk desain

multiwarna rumit. (page 512, line 18)

Modulation

97. Nonetheless, when he threw his full force into the underside of his crate, nothing budged at all. (page 376, line 3)

Walaupun demikian,

ketika dia mengerahkan seluruh

kekuatan ke sisi bawah peti, sama sekali tidak ada yang bergerak. (page 524, line 3)

Modulation

from Kalorama Heights. (page 386, line 9)

pernah menelepon

dari Kalorama Heights. (page 536, line 16)

99. We’re pulling out. (page 386, line 14)

Kita pergi. (page 536, line 24)

Equivalence 100. Soto clicked off her phone

and gazed out at the majestic skyline of her nation’s capital. (page 386, line 15)

Sato mengakhiri

hubungan telepon dan memandang garis-langit megah ibu kota Negara. (page 536, line 25)

Modulation

101. Her brother’s pain-laden eyes reached out to hers, filled with regret and sorrow. (page 396, line 9)

Mata sarat-kesakitan kakaknya

memandangnya, penuh penyesalan dan

penderitaan. (page

549, line 18)

Equivalence

102. The tattooed man reached down and gently stroked Peter’s shaved scalp. (page 396, line 15)

Lelaki bertato itu menjulurkan tangan ke bawah dan dengan lembut mengelus-elus kulit kepala plontos Peter. (page 549, line 24)

Equivalence

103. The tattooed man came over and placed his mouth right next to her ear. (page 396, line 33)

Lelaki bertato itu mendekat dan meletakkan mulutnya persis di samping telinga Katherine. (page 550, line 14)

Equivalence

104. The students broke into with wild applause. (page 406, line 16)

Para mahasiswa bertepuk tangan meriah. (page 562, line 31)

Transposition

105. It is a living, breathing, working tribute to our forefathers’ dream for America – a country founded on the principles of knowledge, wisdom, and science.” (page 406, line 30)

Itu penghormatan yang hidup, bernapas,

dan bekerja mewujudkan mimpi

bapak bangsa kita untuk Amerika – negara yang didirikan berdasarkan prinsip pemahaman,

kebajikan, dan ilmu pengetahuan.” (page

563,line 16) 106. Solomon clicked off the

slides to an energetic round of applause. (page 406, line 32)

Solomon mematikan proyektor diiringi tepuk tangan riuh

bersemangat. (page

563, line 18)

Modulation

107. The houselights came up, along with dozens of eager hands with questions. (page 406, line 33)

Lampu-lampu ruangan menyala, bersama-sama dengan lusinan tangan yang teracung bertanya. (page 563, line 19)

Equivalence, Modulation

108. Solomon called on a small red-haired boy in the middle. (page 406, line 34)

Solomon menyilakan seorang anak laki-laki berambut merah di bagian tengah. (page 563, line 21)

Equivalence

109. Sato had just explained the sensory-deprivation tank … adding that if she had not pulled him out, he would have died of starvation, or worse. (page 416, line 6)

Sato baru saja menjelaskan mengenai tangki deprivasi-indra … menimbulkan bahwa seandainya dia

tidak menarik

Langdon keluar, Langdon akan mati kelaparan, atau bahkan lebih buruk lagi. (page 577, line 7)

Literal translation

110. Langdon reached the table, and Katherine reached out, wrapping her arms around his

blanket-clad body, holding him close. (page

416, line 27)

Langdon tiba di meja,

dan Katherine mengulurkan tangan,

melingkarkan kedua lengannya pada tubuh

Langdon yang berbalut selimut, memeluknya erat-erat. (page 578, line 7)

Equivalence, Literal Translation

111. Time to move out. (page 426, line 7)

Saatnya pergi. (page 590, line 13)

Equivalence 112. Langdon fired back.

(page 426, line 26)

Bentak Langdon. (page 591, line 1)

Transposition 113. … and then, abruptly,

pulling away to reveal a similar shape in the distance … (page 436, line 3)

… lalu, mendadak, beralih untuk mengungkapkan

bentuk yang serupa di kejauhan … (page

604, line 16) 114. The video now panned

across their faces with slow and deliberate intention. (page 436, line 21)

Kini video menyoroti wajah-wajah mereka dengan lambat dan sengaja. (page 605, line 2)

Equivalence

115. Langdon felt ill as the video continued panning across the faces of those in attendance. (page 436, line 32)

Langdon merasa mual ketika video it uterus menyoroti wajah-wajah mereka yang hadir. (page 605, line 15)

Equivalence

116. Langdon wanted only to look away, but he could not. (page 436, line 38)

Langdon hanya ingin berpaling, tapi dia tidak bisa. (page 605, line 21)

Modulation

117. Mal’akh placed his hands on his hips and flexed his elaborately decorated body, which was still covered only by a loincloth. (page 446, line 17)

Mal’akh berkacak pinggang dan

melenturkan tubuhnya yang dihias rumit, yang hanya ditutpi cawat. (page 619, line 8)

Adaptation

118. … when I have offered up this beautiful body to the gods in sacrifice. (page 446, line 20)

… ketika aku mempersembahkan

tubuh indah ini kepada dewa-dewa dalam

pengorbanan. (page

619, line 11)

Equivalence

119. Peter’s mouth fell open but no word came out. (page 446, line 23)

Mulut Peter ternganga, tapi tidak

ada kata-kata yang keluar. (page 619, line 14)

Equivalence

120. Mal’akh reached down and grasped Peter Solomon’s left hand, pressing the handle of the Akedah knife to his palm. (page 446, line 27)

Mal’akh menjulurkan tangan ke bawah dan mencengkram tangan kiri Peter Solomon, menekankan pegangan Pisau Akedah itu ke telapak tangannya. (page 619, line 33)

Equivalence

121. The red beam of its laser scope sliced through the skylight and danced across the floor, directly

Sinar merah teropong

lasernya menembus

jendela langit-langit dan menari-nari

toward Langdon and Solomon. (page 456, line 13)

melintasi lantai, langsung terarah pada

Langdon dan Solomon. (page 632,

line 23) 122. Pull up! (page 456, line

24)

Naik! (page 633, line 1)

Equivalence 123. The UH-60 pilot threw

his rotors into overdrive, trying to keep his skids from touching any part of the large glass skylight. (page 456, line 25)

Pilot UH-60 itu meningkatkan

kecepatan, berupaya menjaga kaki-kaki helicopter agar tidak menyentuh bagian mana pun dari jendela langit-langit dari kaca yang besar itu. (page 633, line 2)

Equivalence

124. He tipped the nose, trying to skim away, but the left strut hit the center of the glass. (page 456, line 32)

Pilot memiringkan hidung helicopter,

mencoba melayang

pergi, tapi kaki kiri helicopter

menghantam bagian tengah kaca. (page 633, line 11)

Equivalence

125. It was all coming back to her now. (page 476, line 1)

Semuanya kini teringat kembali

olehnya. (page 659, line 14)

Equivalence

126. Nola had heard whispers once that it referred in fact to a man named William Whiston – a Royal Society theologian – although she had never bothered to give it much thought. (page 476, line 15)

Nola pernah mendengar bisik-bisik bahwa WW sesungguhnya mengacu kepada seseorang yang bernama William Whiston – seorang teolog Royal Society – walaupun Nola tak pernah terlalu serius memikirkannya. (page 659, line 23)

Transposition

127. Langdon flashed on Durer’s Melencolia I – the image of the dejected Adept, surrounded by the

Sekilas Langdon mengingat Melancolia

I –nya Durer –

gambar seorang Ahli

tools of his failed efforts to unveil the mystical secret of alchemy. (page 486, line 21)

yang kecewa, dikelilingi alat-alat

dari upaya gagalnya mengungkap rahasia-rahasia mistis alkimia. (page 673, line 16) 128. “Your brother said quite a

few things tonight that I couldn’t get my mind around.” (page 496, line 6)

“Mala mini kakakmu menjelaskan beberapa hal yang tidak mampu kupikirkan.” (page 686, line 17)

Equivalence

129. Katherine smiled and put her arm around him. (page 496, line 14)

Katherine tersenyum dan merangkul lengannya pada Langdon. (page 686, line 27)

Modulation

130. At Peter’s request, Bellamy was to provide them with a very rare opportunity – the chance to lay eyes upon this

building’s most magnificent secret …

something that could be revealed only by Architect. (page 496, line 24) Berdasarkan permintaan Peter, Bellamy harus memberi mereka kesempatan yang sangat langka –

peluang untuk memandang rahasia

paling menakjubkan gedung ini … sesuatu yang hanya bisa diungkapkan ole Sang Arsitek. (page 686, line 9)

Modulation

4.2 DATA FINDINGS

It is figured out from the data analysis that there are 140 phrasal verbs translated by using 7 procedures of translation by Vinay and Dalbernet in Venuti (2000:84-93); namely borrowing, calque, literal translation, transposition, modulation, equivalence, and adaptation.

Tabel 1: Table of Findings No

Methods Of Translation

No. Data Total Percentage

2 Calque - 0 0 % 3 Literal translation 23, 50, 58, 60, 61, 67, 71,

94, 94, 109, 110 11 7.86 %

4 Transposition 12, 15, 16, 18, 27, 29, 35, 39, 43, 46, 47, 52, 74, 78, 87, 104, 112, 126

18 12.86 %

5 Modulation 7, 8, 13, 14, 19. 20, 25, 26, 32, 37, 38, 39, 44, 48, 53, 54, 59, 63, 64, 66, 68, 70, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 82, 83, 92, 96, 97, 98, 100, 105, 106, 107, 113, 116, 121, 127, 129, 130

43 30.71 %

6 Equivalence 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22, 24, 28, 30, 31, 34, 36, 40, 41, 42, 45, 49, 51, 55, 56, 60, 62, 65, 67, 69, 72, 73, 75, 81, 84, 85, 86, 88, 89, 90, 91, 93, 95, 99, 101, 102, 103, 107, 108, 110, 111, 114, 115, 118, 119, 120, 122, 123, 124, 125, 128

63 45 %

7 Adaptation. 10, 11, 33, 57, 117 5 3.57 %

Total 140 100 %

None of the phrasal verbs are translated by using procedure of borrowing and procedure of Calque. There are 11 phrasal verbs translated by using procedure of literal translation 7.86 %, 18 phrasal verbs translated by using procedure

transposition of 12.86 %, 43 phrasal verbs translated by using procedure of modulation 30.71 %, 63 phrasal verbs translated by using procedure of

equivalence 45 %, and 5 phrasal verbs translated by using procedure of adaptation 3.57 %.

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS

5.1 Conslusion

After analyzing the data, it is obviously seen that there are many phrasal verbs occurred on the in Dan Brown’s The Lost Symbol and its translation into Bahasa Indonesia by Ingrid Dwijani Nimpoeno. Totally, there are 140 phrasal verbs translated by using 7 procedures of translation by Vinay and Dalbernet in Venuti (2000:84-93); namely borrowing, calque, literal translation, transposition, modulation, equivalence, and adaptation. None of the phrasal verbs are translated by using procedure of borrowing and procedure of Calque. There are 11 phrasal verbs translated by using procedure of literal translation 7.86 %, 18 phrasal verbs translated by using procedure transposition of 12.86 %, 43 phrasal verbs

translated by using procedure of modulation 30.71 %, 63 phrasal verbs translated by using procedure of equivalence 45 %, and 5 phrasal verbs translated by using procedure of adaptation 3.57 %.

The data calculated based on Malo’s method of social research (1986:200)

X : Number of the subcategory of the procedures of translation y : Number of all data

N : The percentage of the procedures of translation

shows that phrasal verbs translated by using procedure of equivalence is the most dominant since it has 63 data or 45 %.

5.2 Suggestions

Phrasal verb is an interesting subject to study. Moreover, it is rarely touch by any research. There are other methods of translation which can be analyzed from the data or another data of phrasal verbs. Therefore, it is suggested to those who are interested in studying translation or particular comprehending phrasal verbs to do other translation analysis, such shift as by Catford. Observing other phrasal verbs in other text also suggested. For instance, observing the phrasal verbs occurred in the magazine or newspapers.

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