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Types of Translation Process of Translation

2.3.3 Types of Translation

Jakobson 19592000: 114 formulates categories of translation into three parts, namely intralingual, interlingual and intersemiotic translation. a. Intralingual translation or ‘rewording’ is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of other signs of the same language. It would occur, for example, when we rephrase an expression or text in the same language to explain or clarify something we might have said or written. b. Interlingual translation or ‘translation proper’ is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of some other language. It would occur if written text were translated, for example, into music, film or painting. c. Intersemiotic translation or ‘transmutation’ is an interpretation of verbal signs by means of a sign of non – verbal sign systems. It would occur if we translate a text from one language to another language, such as English into Bahasa Indonesia.

2.3.4 Process of Translation

The process of translation involves the translator changing an original text the source text or ST in the original verbal language the source language or SL into a target text TT in a different verbal language the target language or TL. Nida and Taber 1969:33 cited in Munday 2001:6 divide the process of translation into three stages: analysis of the source language, transferring the message of the source language, and restructuring of the transferred message in the receptor language. Universitas Sumatera Utara Figure 1: Nida’s three – stage system of translation Munday, 2001:6 a. The analysis stage is the process in which grammatical relationship and the meaning of words or its combination are analyzed. b. The transfer stage is the process in which the analyzed material in stage 1 are transferred in the translator’s mind from source language into target language. c. The restructuring stage is the process in which the writer rewrite or re- express the material in such a way that the translation product is readable and acceptable in terms of rules and style in the target language.

2.3.5 Method of Translation

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