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CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Mass Media
According to Wilson 1995, mass media are the channel used in mass communication to provide information and entertainment. Another definition is that
mass media is the channel through which a message travels from the source to the receiver. Mass media use these channels to carry message.
Gamble and Gamble 1989: 10 state that mass media are tools, instruments of communication that permit us to record and transmit information and experience
rapidly to large, scattered, and heterogeneous by helping us overcome barriers caused by time and space. In other words, mass media are technological means of mass
communication that can meet the communicators and the audience who cannot communicate in face-to- face encounters. Mass media are classified into printed and
electronic media. Newspaper and magazine belong to printed media. In addition, the electronic media covers radio, television and internet. The mass media have an
essential function to our lives. First, they serve information or surveillance function. Second, they serve an agenda-setting and interpretation function. Third, they help us
to create and maintain connections with various groups in society. Fourth, they help us to socialize and educate us. Fifth, they persuade us to purchase certain items or
accept certain ideas. And sixth, they entertain us Gamble, 1989. According to Wikipedia.org, mass media denotes a section of the media specifically designed to
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reach a very large audience such as the population of a nation state. It is the sum of the public mass distributors of news and entertainment across media such as
newspapers, television, radio broadcasting, and text publishers. Mass media includes Internet media like blogs, message boards, podcasts, and video sharing because
individuals now have a means to exposure that is comparable in scale to that was previously restricted to a select group of mass media producers. The communications
audience has been viewed by some commentators as forming a mass society with special characteristics.
B. Newspaper
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