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recommendation to ban violence in the United States. How Robert Kennedy put his non-violence interest onto prior of his support toward Black and Latin
America actions is the issue raised in the thesis.
E. Research Significance
This research is conducted in the substances of: 1. Providing comprehensive facts and data about Robert Francis Kennedy during
his political career, particularly in the area of justice and minority issues, further his support toward non-violence actions.
2. Giving deeper knowledge of American modern history, which particularly relates to the decade of 1960s.
3. Providing thorough knowledge about minority actions during 1960s, mainly Civil Rights Movement by Black American and two prominent actions
belonged to Latin American.
F. Research Methodology
1. Type of Research
This thesis is a descriptive qualitative research which is conducted through the employment of library exploration. Moleong states:
“Di dalam metode deskriptif, data yang dikumpulkan berupa kata- kata atau gambar dan bukan angka, dengan demikian laporan
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penelitian akan berisi kutipan-kutipan data untuk memberi gambaran penyajian laporan tersebut
” Moleong, 2000: 7 On descriptive method, the data collected are data in the form of
words or images, instead of numbers, so that the report of the research will contain of citations to give description of the report.
Thus, in this research, the researcher uses books, articles and references, among other written texts, as the source of data.
2. Source of Data
The sources of data in this thesis are two speeches spoken by Robert Francis Kennedy during his political career in 1952-1968. The two speeches
are entitled “Recapturing American‘s Moral Values”, which was spoken at the University of Kansas, on March 18, 1968 and “
On the Mindless Menace of Violence
”, spoken in Cleveland, Ohio on April 5, 1968. The
two speeches represent Robert Francis Kennedy’s moral criticisms as a US politician in 1960s. He spoke in a great deal about the
United States ’ dreadful situation in the decade that integrated to problems
such as justice, race relations, social issues, crime and the danger in the use of violence in the middle of the society. Dealing with his support toward
minority groups’ non-violence actions, these speeches were both spoken in
1968 during March to April. At the moment, he was running for presidential candidacy. He ran in favor of “his quest—to embrace the struggle of those
who sought to overcome the injustice and intransigence of American institutions” Chafe, 1991: 356. In this manner, he delivered his speeches by
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mentioning the importance of justice and equality toward all Americans, majority as well as minority groups.
Furthermore, as the speeches were spoken when Robert Kennedy was running for US presidential candidacy, he summed up his 18-year
political experiences in the speeches in order to give the Americans whole pictures of their country’s condition in two current decades. The theme of the
two speeches abstracts significant ly on Robert Kennedy’s moral criticisms
and how, in consequence, his commitment toward justice and non-violence for all of his people, over and above on social issues among American society.
3. Data
