14
mentioning the importance of justice and equality toward all Americans, majority as well as minority groups.
Furthermore, as the speeches were spoken when Robert Kennedy was running for US presidential candidacy, he summed up his 18-year
political experiences in the speeches in order to give the Americans whole pictures of their country’s condition in two current decades. The theme of the
two speeches abstracts significant ly on Robert Kennedy’s moral criticisms
and how, in consequence, his commitment toward justice and non-violence for all of his people, over and above on social issues among American society.
3. Data
a. Main Data Main data are purposively taken from the source of data such as
word, phrase, and statement related to his interest to the minority issues and non-violence actions. The data comprise all criticisms of Robert
Francis Kennedy toward American society condition at the time, particularly in correlation with justice, minority issues and his concern on
non-violence actions in the United States of America, mainly in 1960s. In addition, in observing Robert Kennedy and his moral
criticisms during his political career, the researcher needs to analyze the aspects of his vision such as social condition and American political life at
the moment, which were represented in his speeches, based on the descriptive qualitative method the researcher employed. Patton states that:
15
“Qualitative data consist of detailed descriptions of situations, events, people, interactions and observed behaviors, direct
quotations from people about their experiences, attitudes, believes, and thoughts and excerpts or entire passage documents,
correspondents, records and case histories” Patton, 1984: 22.
b. Supporting Data The secondary data is collected from, books, journals, internet
articles, videos, film and reviews about Robert Francis Kennedy and his political career during 1952-1968 as well as his other speeches spoken
since he joined political field. Robert Francis Kennedy’s biographies are also used to strengthen the source of data in particular concerning his
interest toward minority issues and non-violence actions.
4. Method of Analyzing Data
Three steps are taken by the researcher in building the analysis of the data. First is comprehensive reading step that requires the researcher to read
the source of data frequently. This step is taken in order to get inclusive understanding on the issues carried out in the speeches used as the source of
data. For the data are political documents that are written based on factual conditions, spoken explicitly and without hidden meaning, the researcher will
be able to find the values that Robert Kennedy intended to show his listeners by comparing it to the situation and condition in the society at the time.
Second, the researcher analyzes the data by classifying the issues into points. The issues taken are issues which have correlation to Robert
16
Francis Ken nedy’s moral criticisms on American society condition in the
1960s. The researcher points out to three of Robert Kennedy’s moral
criticisms toward moral and psychological condition of the United States’
society which would be deeper analyzed in analysis chapter. For the thesis is examining historical events as well, the three issues would be related to the
historical facts concerning black and Latin Americans actions in 1960s and then are shortly associated to
Robert Francis Kennedy’s concern toward those groups issues and their non-violence actions.
Final step is making the conclusion. The thorough analysis which attaches
between Robert Kennedy’s moral criticisms and minority groups’ non-violence actions would lead to the conclusion of whether Robert
Kennedy ’s support toward black and Latin American’s struggle has
significance remark to their movements or not.
G. Theoretical Approach
