Picnic areas offer toilets, barbecues, shelter sheds, water and fire places; however,
overnight camping is not permitted. Text source: Paul Attwood in Gerot and Wignell 1994:209
Note: Bold printed words
show examples of specific participants. Italicized words show examples attributive and identifying processes.
Underlined words show examples of epithets.
2.3 Theoritical Framework
In this study, I usedpre test-post test equivalent groups design. There are two groups employed in this design; the first group, the experimental group receives a
treatment x while the second group, the control group receives treatment y. Both group are given a prê test and post test. Pre-test will be given before doing
the experiment, both groups will be given the same test. The result of this study can be seen by the comparison of the two post test results of the two classes.
The result of the study would be used to achieve the objective of the study of the research that are to find out whether there was any significant difference
occurs in the improvement of students‟ mastery in writing descriptive text using BBC Nature video and Flash Card and to identify the effectiveness of both media
of teaching writing descriptive text. As one of the language skills, writing demands the students to master it well. This skill will help them to express their
thought, feelings, ideas and knowledge. To convey the material effectively the writer used media. Gerlack and Elly 1980: 241 proposed
“a medium is any person, material or event that establishes condition that help learners or students to
acquire knowledge, skill, and attitudes” Brown 1977: 7 defines that “media as things that help the teachers‟ implant the media of what is presented in the kind of
studen ts.” Media that were used by meareBBC Nature video and Flash Card.
To achieve the objectives of the study, I conducted true experimental research. The experiment was held through pre test-post test equivalent groups
design. The population of the study was the eighth year students of SMP N 3Sawangan Magelang. The totalnumber of sample in this study was 60 students.
The data were collected through a writing test. In solving the problems, I carried out an experimental-comparative study
using statistical method called t -test. I used two groups: experimental group and control group. In the control group I used Flash Card, while in the experimental
group, I used BBC Nature video. The technique to analyze the data was t -test formula. It was used as a
technique to determine whether there was any significant difference between the means of the score of the experimental and the control group or not. The
technique to analyze the data applied in the analysis can be seen in the diagram below.
1.
2.
Figure 2.1The theoretical framework of the study EXPERIMENTAL GROUP
CONTROL GROUP
PRETEST PRE-TEST
TREATMENT USING BBC NATURE VIDEO AS MEDIA
TREATMENT USING FLASH CARD AS A MEDIA
POST-TEST POST-TEST
T-TEST FOR POSTTEST
NORMALIZED GAIN TEST
OUTCOME T-TEST FOR PRETEST
48
CHAPTER III METHOD OF INVESTIGATION
This chapter was designed to describe research design, subject of the study, variable and hypotheses, instrument of the study, the steps of research, and
methods of analyzing data.
3.1 Research Design
In carrying out a study, a researcher has to collect the data containing some information needed for his her investigation. The data can be drawn from many
sources, either person or things. Arikunto 2006: 129 states that “data sources in a study are ba
sically subject from whom data can be drawn.” In this research, I used comparative study in experimental research design to collect the data.
3.1.1 The Experimental Design
Best 1981: 68 states that “experimental research is the blueprint of the procedures that enable the researcher to test hypothesis by reaching valid
conclusion about relationship between independent and dependent variable”.Here, BBC Nature video and Flash Cardwere chosen to teach Descriptive text as
treatments. So, it can be seen what will be happen to students‟ ability when the
experimental group was taught by using BBC Nature video and the control group was taught by using Flash Card.
According to Best 1981: 68 - 81, “there are ten designs in experimental research, The posttest-only,
equivalent-groups design, The pretest –posttest equivalent-groups design,
The Solomon four-groups design, the pretest-posttest nonequivalent-
