toward the public sphere exclusively. Stanton argues that women should be independent from men. It is because individual rights are natural rights which
individual brings into the world at birth. These rights are essential so that it cannot be taken away from the individual Stanton in Madsen, 2000: 39. It means that
women have right to be not dependent on the men. The right that is given to the women when they are born cannot be detached from themselves.
Stanton says that the laws make the women in the subordinate class because it denies women their full human rights. The woman is also said that she
willingly accepts it. The legal oppression in marriage represents in the relation of power, of domination and control. In marriage the husband and wife become one
unit, the women surrender themselves in the relation. The men that are unwilling to be equal as the women is the primary explanation of the unwillingness of the
man to give the political equality to women. The married woman gives all her rights, such as the control of her body, though her husband gives up nothing.
Then, she becomes unpaid domestic drudge. Stanton in Madsen, 2000: 40.
3. Theory of Domestic Violence
The term of domestic violence has several names such as spouse abuse, domestic abuse, domestic assault, battering, partner abuse, marital strife, marital
dispute, wife beating, marital discord, woman abuse, dysfunction relationship, intimate fighting, mate beating, and so on McCue, 2008:2.
Then, the definition about domestic violence from Hubbard in McCue ’s
book states as follow:
A definition of domestic violence commonly accepted by legal professionals is the emotional, physical, psychological, or sexual abuse
perpetrated against a person by that persons spouse, former spouse, partner, former partner or by the other parent of a minor child. Abuse may
include threats, harm, injury, harassment, control, terrorism or damage to living beings or property
” Hubbard in McCue, 2008:2. The other definition is from an article by the United States Department of
Justice Website entitled Domestic Violence which is written by Beatrice Hanson who is the director. On the website she states that domestic violence is a kind of
insulting in a relationship. The doer is the person who wants to have authority to the closer partner. The doer wants to control the object of the violence
justice.gov, 2016.
4. Domestic Violence as the Effect of Patriarchy
As Kate Millet states in Elaine Showalter ’s book: “Traditionally,
patriarchy granted the father nearly total ownership over wife or wives and children, including the powers of physical abuse…” Millet in Showalter, 1971:
300. This statement shows that father has the authority toward the children and
wife. He also has the power to do everything he wants, including physical abuse.
All forms of patriarchy are able to cause domestic violence, it is because many kinds of patriarchy make the husbands have full of power and authority that
can lead to domestic violence Tracy, 2007: 593. From the statement, domestic violence is stimulated by the patriarchy. The reason is because patriarchy is the
authority by men. This causes men has power to do everything toward the women such as violence.
There are five types of violence that are categorized as domestic violence according to Hanson. The types are physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional
abuse, economic abuse, and psychological abuse. However, the types that are used are only four.
a. Physical Abuse This abuse is related to the physic. This is the abuse that causes pain to the
body of the victims justice.gov, 2016. b. Emotional Abuse
It attacks on the victims ’ self-esteem. They are mocked, and given sharp
comments. So, they feel that they are not respected justice.gov, 2016. c. Economic Abuse
It related to the financial. The doers want the victims to be dependent on them. The victims are unable to get some money by themselves because the doers
block them justice.gov, 2016. d. Psychological Abuse
The abuser will do anything to make the victim to be afraid. The abuser wants to control victim
’s psychology. It damages victim’s mental justice.gov, 2016.
C. Theoretical Framework
