CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. Research Design
In this research, the writer used quasi-experimental design. Quasi-experiments include assignment, but not random assignment of participants to groups. This is
because the experimenter cannot artificially create groups for the experiment.
1
It is awkward to create a new class in learning by random the participants. Thus, it is more
efficient if the writer use quasi-experimental design because it is not random participants. Further, the varieties of quasi experimental designs, which can be
divided into two main categories, there are pre- and posttest, posttest only.
2
It describes that quasi-experimental design do not have random assignment, then quasi-
experimental divided into categories pre- and posttest, posttest only. Then, the writer selected two classes, first class as a control class and second class as anexperimental
class. The research design can be presented as follows:
G1 : T1 O T2
G2 : T1 X T2
1
John W. Creswell, Educational Research: Planning, Conducting and Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research 4th ed Boston: Pearson Education, 2012, p. 309.
2
Ibid. p. 310.
Notes: G1
: Group one Control Class G2
: Group Experimental Class Experimental Class T1
: Pre-test T2
: Post-test O
: Treatment by using lecture method X
: Treatment by using small group discussion
In this research, the students gave pre-test to know their descriptive text writing ability before treatment and post-test after the treatment by small group discussion.
The pre-test and post-test conducted for control and experimental class. In the control class, the treatment used lecture method that was usually used by the teacher in
teaching learning process. In the experimental class, the writer used small group discussion as the experimental treatment.
B. Variables of the Research
Variable is a characteristic of people group that the attitude or environment which has a variation between one person to another.
3
There are two variables of this research, they are independent variable and dependent variable.
1. Independent variable
Independent variable is small group discussion that is symbolized by X.
3
Ag. Bambang Setiyadi, Metode Penelitian Untuk Pengajaran Bahasa Asing: Pendekatan Kuantitatif dan Kualitatif Edisi Pertama Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu, 2006, p. 101.
2. Dependent variable
Dependent variable is the students’ descriptive text writing ability that is symbolized by Y.
C. Operational Definition of Variable
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