Based on the explanation above, it can be concluded that teaching English as a foreign language is the process for helping the students to learn English and make
they understand in learning process. In teaching English, the teacher should be creative to interest the students in learning English as a foreign language.
2. Concept of Writing
Writing is one way to communicate with other people besides listening, reading and speaking. George states that writing as define as the symbolic representation of
language through the use of graphic signs.
4
It means that writing is representation of language through a text using sign or symbol. According to Heaton writing is a means
of communication which the writer uses the language to express his or her ideas, thought and feeling.
5
It means that writing is activity where the people express their idea, what they thought pour written form. People have practiced writing since long
time ago. Harmer states: “However long time ago writing really started, it has remained for most of its
history a minority occupation. This is in part because although almost all human beings grow up speaking their first language and sometimes their
second or third as a matter of course, writing has to be taught. ”
6
In addition, writing and reading are ways into knowing, learning and
4
George Yule, The Study of Language 4th ed New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010, p. 212.
5
J. B. Heaton, Writing English Language Test New York: Longman, 1988, p. 135.
6
Jeremy Harmer, How to Teach Writing New York: Longman, 2004, p. 3.
communicating.
7
As the result, writing is thinking on paper. It means that writing is the communication ways that transfers information through the paper.
Further, the writing skills are complex and sometimes difficult to teach, requiring mastery not only of grammatical rhetorical devices but also of conceptual and
judgemental elements.
8
It means that writing skill is not really easy to be done because writing skill must consider not only of grammatical but also the elements of writing.
Bell and Burnaby point out that writing is an extremely complex cognitive activity in which the writer is required to demonstrate control of a number of variables
simultaneously.
9
It means that writing is a very complex process because we haveto be able to produce a good result.
In writing, the writer should make it clear. So, the reader can understand what the writer want to convey through written form, because writing also is a tool of
communication to give and receive information for readers. It is supported by Siahaan who states that the skill of writer to communicate information to readers, her or his
skill is also realized by his or her ability to apply he rules of the language, they are writing to transfer the information, and she or he has in her or his mind to her or his
readers effectively.
10
It means that the writer in expressing their ideas and thoughts through written form must be easily understood by the readers in giving information.
7
Joyce Armstrong Carroll, Edward E. Wilson, Acts of Teaching: How to Teach Writing Colorado: Teacher Ideas Press, 1993, p. 6.
8
J. B. Heaton, Loc. Cit.
9
David Nunan, Designing Tasks for the Communicative Classroom London: Cambridge University Press, 1989, p. 36.
10
Sanggam Siahaan, The English Paragraph Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu, 2008, p. 2.
Based on the explanation above, it can be concluded that writing is one of the activities of human thinking process, ideas, thought and feeling which is delivered on
the paper to give information to the readers.
3. Concept of Writing Process
