say that Francesca is one who faces a situation in which she becomes a party who should give in to the moral value.
Another researcher the writer chooses as the references for her review of related studies is Eka Wahyuning. She is a graduate student of English Letters
Study Programme, Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Sanata Dharma University, generation of 1995, who had done to analyze Waller’s The
Bridges of Madison County on her project for final thesis. She takes The Significance of The Symbol of The Covered Bridges Toward The Main Characters
as Seen in Waller’s The Bridges of Madison County as the topic on her thesis. On her thesis, she had focus on all symbols used in the novel and also the relationship
between the characters, especially Robert Kincaid and Francesca Johnson. Different from Eka Wahyuning, in this thesis, the writer will focus to study the
character of Francesca Johnson and discuss her position and life situation as a woman in the middle of the emerging feminist movement.
B. Review of Related Theories
In order to analyze the problem formulation, the writer employs two kinds of theories.
1. Character and Characterization
Abrams in
his book
A Glossary of Literary Terms describes character as “the persons presented in a dramatic or narrative work, who are interpreted by the
reader as being endowed with moral and dispositional qualities that are expressed in what they say-the dialogue-and by what they do the action” Abrams, 1981:
20. It can be concluded that characters can be analyzed by their dialogue and their action.
Roger B. Henkle divides characters in two kinds, major character and minor character. Major characters are the characters that are observed most often
in the story. These characters are given a good deal of attention and shoved onto the background or off scene as attention turns elsewhere Henkle, 1977:90. The
minor characters or secondary characters in the story performed more limited functions. They can function in various ways; is elements of society that’s makes
up the human context, as average or normal points of reference, as foils to the major characters or they can be symbols of aspects of the governing state of being
Henkle, 1977: 100. In his An Introduction to Fiction, Stanton says that a reader can understand
a character in a story by simply paying attention to the evidences shown in the story. Firstly, we can understand the characteristic of the character from the
character’s name where sometimes the sound of the name fits the character. Then the author explicitly describes the physical look of the character and comment
upon it. We can see it also from the other character in the story and their attitudes toward the major character. The last we can see it from the character’s own
dialogue and behavior Stanton, 1965:17-18. Other explanation of character also stated by M.J. Murphy in his book
Understanding Unseen: An Introduction to English Poetry and English Novel for Overseas Student. Murphy said that author can make his characters
understandable by using some types of description. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
