Theories of Character Review of Related Theories

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b. Extrinsic Motivation

Extrinsic motivation is a motivation comes from external reward.

4. Theory of Psychological Approach

According to Sigmund Freud, in the book A Handbook of Critical Approaches to Literature , most of our actions are motivated by psychological forces over which we have very limited control. He demonstrated that, like the iceberg, the human mind is structured so that its great weight and density lie beneath the surface.

a. Levels of Mental Life

According to Sigmund Freud, in the book Theories of Personality written by Jess Feist and Gregory J. Feist, mental life is divided into two levels, the unconscious and the conscious. The unconscious has also two different levels, the unconscious proper and the preconscious. 1 Unconscious The unconscious is part of our mind where we know what we do but we can not realize what our reason to do it. It contains all drives, urges, or instincts which motivate our words, feelings, and actions. 11 2 Preconscious Preconscious is part of the mind which contains elements which are not conscious but can become conscious either easy or difficult. There are two kinds of preconscious sources. First comes from the perceptions of conscious. Second comes from the imaginations of conscious. 3 Conscious Conscious is part of the mind which has a little role in psychological theory. It can be defined as mental elements which are realized in a certain time. In this part, we know what we do and we know our reason to do it. From all parts of the mind, only this part can be accessed directly. It means that we can only understand our actions in this part of the mind.

b. Provinces of the Mind

According to Sigmund Freud, in the book Theories of Personality written by Jess Feist and Gregory J. Feist, the human mind is structured so that its great weight and density lie beneath the surface below the level of consciousness. There are three psychic zones. 1 The id is the reservoir of libido, the primary source of all psychic energy. 2 The ego is the rational governing agent of the psyche. 3 The superego is the moral censoring agency, the repository of conscience and pride.