Adopted Child Legal Permission Motivation

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i. Mannerism

The author can describe a person’s mannerisms, habits or idiosyncrasies which may also tell the readers something about his character.

3. Theory of Motivation

According to M.H Abrams in his book A Glossary of Literary Terms, “motivation is the grounds in the characters’ temperament, desires, and moral nature for their speech and actions.” 1985:23. It tells the reader what is the characters’ reasons to do something and what supports them in action. According to Robert C. Beck in his book Motivation Theories and Principles , “Motivation is broadly concerned with the contemporary determinants of choice direction, persistence, and vigor of goal-directed behavior. When two or more behaviors are equally possible, one is chosen and the organism persists in this behavior with more or less vigor until some anticipated goal is either achieved or some other goal becomes more dominant.” 24 From the quotation above, it shows us that motivation is a choice. When we have two different choices, we will choose one which is considered as our best choice. That will be our motivation to do something. There are two kinds of motivation, intrinsic and extrinsic motivation.

a. Intrinsic Motivation

Intrinsic motivation is a motivation comes from our own behavior. We are motivated to do something, not because of external reward, but because the behavior itself is rewarding. 10

b. Extrinsic Motivation

Extrinsic motivation is a motivation comes from external reward.

4. Theory of Psychological Approach

According to Sigmund Freud, in the book A Handbook of Critical Approaches to Literature , most of our actions are motivated by psychological forces over which we have very limited control. He demonstrated that, like the iceberg, the human mind is structured so that its great weight and density lie beneath the surface.

a. Levels of Mental Life

According to Sigmund Freud, in the book Theories of Personality written by Jess Feist and Gregory J. Feist, mental life is divided into two levels, the unconscious and the conscious. The unconscious has also two different levels, the unconscious proper and the preconscious. 1 Unconscious The unconscious is part of our mind where we know what we do but we can not realize what our reason to do it. It contains all drives, urges, or instincts which motivate our words, feelings, and actions.