D. Definition of Terms
To avoid misunderstanding about the content of this study, some literary terms used in the study as follow:
1. Symbol According to Frank Madden, a symbol is regarded as a substituted
for elements being signified 2002: 279. 2. Symbolism
According to Holman and Harmon 1986: 494, symbolism, “in its broad sense, is the use of one object to represent or suggest another, or
literature, the use of symbols in writing,” as Myers and Simms 1989: 298 stated that “ symbolism is the use of symbols to express either
public or private values”. Therefore, symbolism is the use of objects to represent or express another, either public or private values in writing.
3. Buried As stated by Willingham that in common sense, buried is an
activity to put something underground or covering something with earth, leaves, etc. But in this study, buried is a term that stands for the secrets
of the family in the Sam Shepard’s Buries Child. 4. Meaning
The definition of meaning in Merriam Webster’s Encyclopedia of Literature is the messages or the ideas which are intended or expressed.
1995: 775. In this study, meaning is a term to represent covert meaning deeper meaning in the Sam Shepard’s Buried Child.
5 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
CHAPTER II THEORETICAL REVIEW
This chapter consists of four parts, namely, Review of Related Studies, Review of Related Theories, Criticism, and Context of the Study.
A. Review of Related Studies
. In the play, Shepard presents elements such characters and stories that are exciting because he covers them in symbolism. He views events and actions in the
play that actually tries to convey his intention toward reality through symbolism and allegory. Lippman states:” Shepard’s vision of reality which happened in
America is sharply projected in the symbolism and allegory reveal in Buried Child” 1984: 11. Shepard tries to convey or tell the readers his intentions
through the workings of symbolism in the play. He shows what is happening to the reality of American life in his society. It seems that he frames the play in the
view of symbolism so that the play itself has it own characteristics as represented in Buried child.
However, there must be any goal or purpose for the author in producing literary works concerning that Buried Child as the tool of criticism. As Esslin said
in the book The Field of Drama: ‘How the signs of drama create meaning on stage and screen that in play analysis we concentrate on “how a play means” through
the workings of plot, action, character, dialogue, and so on’ 1987: 57. Meaning to say that there is any meaning behind the story, or values that the author wants
6 PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
Kategori