Content Validity RESEARCH METHODS
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This indicates that the two raters have high inter-rater reliability 0,999 Those calculations between the first and the second rater depict that both
raters have close divergence varying from 0.998 to 0.999. So points out that the first rater’s scoring is reliable to be proceeded forward.
The researcher would use the oral ability’s scale proposed by Heaton 1991:137.
Based on the sheet, there are three aspects to be testing: pronunciation, fluency, and comprehensibility. The aspect of the grammar is not included in order to
encourage the students to speak up, free of the burden of making grammatical mistakes as long it does not hinder any communication. The table of language
testing by Heaton is as follows:
Range Pronunciation
Fluency Comprehensibility
86-100 Pronunciation only very
slightly influenced by mother-tongue. Two or
three minor grammatical and lexical
errors Speak without too great
an effort with a fairly wide range of
expression. Searches for words occasionally but
only once or two unnatural pauses
Easy for listener to understand the
speaker’s intention and general
meaning. Very few interruption or
classification required.
70-85 Pronunciation is
slightly influenced by the mother tongue. A
few minor grammatical and lexical errors but
most utterances are correct.
Has to make an effort at times to search for
words. Nevertheless smooth very delivery on
the whole and only a The few unnatural
pauses The speaker’s
intention and general meaning
are fairly clear. A few interruptions
by listener for the sake of
clarification are necessary
56-69 Pronunciation is still
moderately influenced by the mother tongue
but no serious phonological errors. A
few grammatical and lexical errors but one or
two major errors Although shehe has
made an effort and search for words, there
are too many unnatural pauses. Fairly smooth
delivery mostly. Occasionally
fragmentary but Most of speakers
say is easy to follow. His
intention is always are clear but
several interruptions are
necessary to help
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causing confusion succeeds in conveying
the general meaning. For range of expression
him to convey the message or to see
the clarification.
40-55 Pronunciation is
influenced by the mother tongue but only
a few serious phonological errors.
Several grammatical and lexical errors, some
of which cause confusion
Has to make an effort for much of the time.
Often has to search for the desired meaning.
Rather halting delivery and fragmentary. Range
of
expression often
limited The listener can
understand a lot of what is said, but
he must constantly seek clarification.
Cannot understand many
of the
speaker’s more
complex or longer sentences
0-39 Pronunciation is
influenced by mother tongue with errors
causing a breakdown in communication. Many
‘basic’ grammatical and lexical errors.
Long pauses while he searches for the desired
meaning. Frequently halting delivery and
fragmentary. Almost gives up for making the
effort at times. Limited range of expression
Only small bits usually short
sentences and phrases can be
understood- and then with
considerable effort by someone who
is used to listening to the speaker.
In testing speaking skills, emphasis is placed on appropriateness rather than on
ability to form grammatically correct sentences. Since speaking test is objective test, t
he students’ speaking skill would be scored by two raters; the researcher herself and the collaborator. During the speaking test, the teacher would record
the students’ voice.