33 independent; it means applying the ability we have without linking wi
th others‘ success especially by being piggyback on others. So, with the spirit of
Individualism, everyone can make his own success and achieve his dream.
2.3 Framework analysis
The object of analysis is a book entitled Black Boy. This study concerns with how the spirit of individualism is reflected in the intrinsic elements of the novel and
what the characteristics of spirit of individualism are revealed in the Richard Wright. This analysis deals with the elements of spirit of individualism revealed
in Black Boy. In order to find how the spirit of individualism is reflected in the intrinsic elements of the novel and what the characteristics of spirit of
individualism are revealed in the Richard Wright, I use the sociology of literature approach.
The analysis of this study starts from reading the book to understand the story more, then find supporting data. After finding the supporting data, data are
being identified. The next step is inventorying the data into table in the observation sheet. Then the data are classified based on its role in answering
research questions. Furthermore, the data found are being analyzed by using sociology of literature approach. The last step is drawing conclusion based on the
analysis. In order to make it clearer, I draw a chart of the study as the following:
34
THE DIAGRAM OF THE STUDY
1.1 Flow chart of Framework of Analysis Black Boy
Characteristic of Spirit of
Individualism Revealed in the
Story Sociology of Literature
Approach
Spirit of Individualism Reflected in the Intrinsic
Elements of the Story
35
CHAPTER III METHODS OF INVESTIGATION
Chapter three presents research methodology. This chapter consists of research design, research instrument, data collection, and data analysis.
3.1. Research Design
In this study, I used a qualitative descriptive method. Moelong in Wardani 2012, a descriptive qualitative research is defined as the qualitative research, a type of
research which does not include any calculation or enumerating. In addition to this, Arikunto 2002: 184 states that the main purpose of the descriptive
qualitative research method is to describe a kind of situation or phenomenon and to find out anything, which has connection with the situation. By using descriptive
qualitative method, I analyze and interpret the data, and construct the object of the study to be in line with the topic of the study held. Then, I present the respect in
descriptive qualitative method in detail. I also employed sociological approach to literature. According to
Darmono 1979: 72, sociological approach to literature is the understanding of ―literature as a social mirror‖. The critics formulate this conclusion because they
believe that as a member of community, the author is the person who is more critical than the rest of community. Darmono states that literature is the most
36 effective barometer to find out man‘s towards social power. By using this
approach, I found the similarity of condition in the real society represented in its intrinsic elements and its characters that can be noticed from this literary work.
3.2 Research Instrument
