19 undergoes changes in personality within the story in terms of personalities,
outlooks, and the ways of thinking. Characterization is the author‘s development of characters. It is the way
in which a writer reveals a character‘s personality. The writer may do this by telling us what the character says, thinks, or feels; by telling us what other
characters think or feel about the character; or by telling us directly what the character is like.
2.2.3.3 Setting
Setting may be static or dynamic literal or metaphoric that in certain degree shapes a power of attraction of the story and in good story, setting itself is so well
integrated with the plor and the character, the reader is hardly aware of it Abraham, 1997: 28.
Furthermore, Connoly1988: 79 states that setting is in a sense of the time, the place and concrete situation of the narrative, the webs of environment in
which character spin out their destinies. By paying attention to the setting, we can know where and when the story
was written. We can also know the situation and condition of social life at that time.
2.2.3.4 Detail
Details are interesting. Writers of autobiographies use objective and subjective details to tell their life stories.
2.2.3.4.1 Objective detail
20 Objective detail is a statement that is completely unbiased and can be proved. It is
not touched by the speaker‘s previous experiences or tastes. It is verifiable by looking up facts or performing mathematical calculations.
When studying literature, it is best to be objective when you consider a texts qualities. Of course, literature read for pleasure should be approached
subjectively as this allows you to be there with the characters, feeling involved with the plot and so forth. But when you discuss literature for an essay, it is far
safer to stand back and see it objectively for what it is: no more than an attempt to engage and hold your attention, build trust in its writer, and persuade you to a
way of thinking - the writers way. 2.2.3.4.2 Subjective detail
Subjective details are based on personal feelings and opinions and cannot be proved. It is a statement that has been colored by the character of the speaker or
writer. It often has a basis in reality, but reflects the perspective through with the
speaker views reality. It cannot be verified using concrete facts and figures.
2.2.3.5 Chronological order
Chronological order is the order in which real-life events occur and the order in which most writers of autobiographies tell their stories. Often events are arranged
from childhood to adulthood. Technically, it means temporally sequential, from earliest to latest as opposed to reverse chronological order which would be from
latest to earliest, although a lot of people tend to use the term more generally
21 meaning alphabetically andor numerically, from first to last andor least to
greatest.
2.2.3.6 Point of View
