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e. Extensive monologue Extensive oral production tasks include speeches, oral presentations,
and story-telling, during which the opportunity for oral interaction from listeners is either highly limited perhaps to nonverbal responses or ruled
out all together. Language style is frequently more deliberative planning is involve and formal for extensive tasks, but we cannot rule out certain
informal monologues such as casually delivered speech for example: my vacation in the mountains, a recipe for outstanding pasta primavera,
recounting the plot of a novel or movie
2.2. Speaking Areas of Knowledge
Language is primarily spoken. Long time ago, people communicated with spoken language before they created written language system. They interact each
other in two ways that are oral and written communications. According to Agustien 2004:24, spoken language is face-to-face interaction in order to talk
about anything between you and me language accompanying action. Related to the previous explanation, it is about teaching language in two
channels or spoken and written language. Furthermore, in the classroom programm, teacher needs certain teaching learning system to apply those
channels. According to http:www.nclrc.orgesentialsSpeakingSpindex.htm, quoted
from Kartika, Y 2008 speaking involves three areas of knowledge: a.
Mechanics pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary: using the right words in the order with the correct pronunciation.
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b. Functions transaction or interaction : knowing when clarity of message is
essential transaction or information exchange and when the process understanding is not required interaction or relationship building
c. Social and culture rules and norms turn talking, rote of speech, length of
pauses between speakers, relative rules of participants: understanding how to talk into account who is speaking, to whom, in what circumstances, about
what and for what reason.
2.3. Elements of the Speaking
In http:www.esgold.comSpeakingSpeakingchecklist.html there are five elements of speaking that have to be concerned in communication. The first
element is pronunciation. It involves individual sounds, stress, intonation, pausing, phrasing, and reduction. The second element is called grammar. It is a
crucial element for both spoken and written language. It includes verbs, noun phrase, sentence structures, individuals’ grammar problems, and functional
phrase. Without concerning the grammar, there will be misunderstanding in communication, because the English politeness is also realized in the grammar.
The third element is vocabulary. It involves words choice, idioms, phrasal verbs, and appropriateness. The mistakes in choosing the vocabulary will make
the listener confused about what we are going to say in the conversation. The fourth element is the content. It includes substances, details, topic elaboration and
organization. The fifth element is called fluency. It involves speed, natural flow, elimination of translation, and omission of filter words.
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The last of speaking that is going to be analyzed in this research is organization of generic structure. It involves the completeness of the generic
structures of the text that is composed by the students. Those elements of speaking influence the communication continuum
between the speaker and the listener. Both the speaker and the listener should pay attention to those elements of speaking, so the communication will be conducted
very well.
2.4. Narrative Text
