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CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES
This chapter consists of two parts of discussion. There are theoretical description and theoretical framework. In the theoretical description, the
researcher will explain the details of the theories related to the research. In theoretical framework, the researcher will elaborate the relation between the
theories and the research.
A. Theoretical Description
This section discusses foreign language learning for children, vocabulary,
and picture.
1. Foreign Language Learning for Children
This part discusses three major points. They are development and characteristic of children, the principle of children language learning, and the
activity in the classroom.
a. Children development and characteristics
According to Piaget 1985, organization and adaptation are the two fundamental characteristics of a child cognitive development. Organization itself
means arranging the information into meaningful patterns or structures; whereas adaptation is a process through which a person copes with the integration of new
information into existing pattern and perception. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
Craig 1975 states that middle childhood 6 – 12 years old is the time
before adolescence when the child is adjusting to the new environment of school. It means that during this time, children experience many developments of ideas
and attitudes through interactions with their society.
b. Principle of Children Language Learning
According to Halliwell 1992, there are some points that should be understood in teaching English to children. Those points are
children‟s ability to grasp meaning, children‟s instinct for play and fun, the role of imagination, and
the instinct for interaction to talk. In the first point, Halliwell states that children can learn through intonation, demonstration, gesture, facial expressions, actions
and circumstances to understand the unknown words and phrases. It means that the teacher should analyze the most appropriate methods to help the students to
grasp meaning of new words. Children have instinct for playing and having fun. It means that the teacher
should make the learning process as fun as possible in order to catch children‟s
interest in learning English. For example, the teacher can use the combination of physical movement when she or he teaches the children.
Halliwell explains that children‟s capability to interact and talk is one of
the most powerful motivators for using the language. It means that the materials and activities which are given by the teacher should encourage children to talk
and interact with others.
2. Vocabulary
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