materials. A material design contains lesson plans, activities, learning objectives, and also the subject areas that students will learn. Design in this study means a set
of materials to fulfil students‟ needs in learning English vocabulary.
4. Vocabulary
Vocabulary is the language element that must be learned if we want to learn a new language. Burton 1982 defines
vocabulary as „the range of words that you can use‟. Vocabulary is an element that can support and facilitate
students to improve their language skills. According to Brewton, Peterson, Kinnick, McMullan 1962 there are two types of vocabulary: recognition
vocabulary and working vocabulary. In this study, the researcher refers to recognition vocabulary which is smaller vocabulary consisting of words actually
used by the student every day in writing and speaking. The words can be in the form of verb, noun, adjective and adverb.
5. Picture
Duffy and Waller 1985 state that pictures are “some hand-made or
machine-made image that relate, however distantly, to the appearances or structures of real or „imaged things”. Pictures are needed in learning process
because students need a real image to learn the names easily. In this material design there are twenty brief pictures about occupations. The researcher uses
those pictures to help the students learn English. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
6. Third Grade Students of Elementary School
Elementary school is the part of the nine year system of Indonesian elementary education program that has duration of six years Soedijarto, 1993. In
this study, the researcher chooses third grade students whose age a group of
children were around eight years old.
10
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES
This chapter consists of two parts of discussion. There are theoretical description and theoretical framework. In the theoretical description, the
researcher will explain the details of the theories related to the research. In theoretical framework, the researcher will elaborate the relation between the
theories and the research.
A. Theoretical Description
This section discusses foreign language learning for children, vocabulary,
and picture.
1. Foreign Language Learning for Children
This part discusses three major points. They are development and characteristic of children, the principle of children language learning, and the
activity in the classroom.
a. Children development and characteristics
According to Piaget 1985, organization and adaptation are the two fundamental characteristics of a child cognitive development. Organization itself
means arranging the information into meaningful patterns or structures; whereas adaptation is a process through which a person copes with the integration of new
information into existing pattern and perception. PLAGIAT MERUPAKAN TINDAKAN TIDAK TERPUJI
