Background of the Study
ways. Catford 1965:21 proposed that in partial translation, some parts of the source language are left untranslatable: they are simply transferred to and
incorporated in the target language text. In literary translation it is not uncommon for some source language lexical items to be treated in this way, either because
they are regarded as ‘untranslatable’ or for the deliberate purpose of introducing ‘local color’ into the target language text.
The basic principles of translation mean that no translation in receptor language can be the exact equivalent of the model in source language. That is to
say, all types involve 1 loss of information, 2 gain of information, and or 3 skewing of information Nida, 1975:27. Nida as quoted by Sudiatmika 2006:17
proposed that there is no translation in TL which will be the exact equivalent of the text in SL. As a consequence, translation always involves process of
adjustment which includes the grammatical forms. The aim of adjustment is to maintain the message or content of the original text when it is transferred into
target text. Nida and Taber 1974:12 stated that translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-
language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. Translating must aim primarily at “reproducing the message.” To do anything else
is essentially false to one’s task as a translator. But to reproduce the message one must make many grammatical and lexical adjustments. The best translation does
not sound like a translation. It is very interesting to analyze how an ideal closest meaning of one
language is transferred into another language especially about translation and
aspect of grammatical categories. One grammatical aspect which is interesting to be discussed is locative prepositional phrases that occur in English with their
translation equivalence in Indonesian. This aspect becomes interesting to be discussed because English has many prepositions used to form phrases or
sentences. In English, there are prepositions that can be followed by noun or noun
phrase. The example of those prepositions are: about, above, across, after, against, along, amid, amidst, among, amongst, around, at, before, behind, below,
beneath, beside, besides, between, beyond, by, down, during, except, for, from, in, inside, into, near, of, off, on, out of, over, past, round, through, to, under, towards,
with, within, and without Seidl and McMordie, 1980:81-95. Among the prepositions mentioned above, four prepositions together with
their phrases are analyzed concerning their equivalents in Indonesian in this research. The four prepositions are locative prepositions: around, over, through,
and towards. Locative prepositional phrases with prepositions around, over, through, and towards were chosen to be discussed because these locative
prepositional phrases had never been analyzed in any previous thesis. Previously, three theses had discussed about locative prepositional phrases and their
translations in terms of translation procedures applied, type of shifts occurring in translation, and loss and gain of information in translation. They analyzed English
locative prepositional phrases with prepositions at, in, on, from, into, under, beside, and behind and their translation equivalents in English. The other thesis
analyzed the Indonesian locative prepositional phrases with prepositions di, ke, and dari together with their translation equivalents in English.
In bilingual translation, there are two different languages; one language as the source language and the other as the target language. These two languages
have their own characteristics in terms of grammar, lexical choices, syntax and semantics. The different characteristics make a translator sometimes hard to find
an exact equivalent of source language text in target language text and the different characteristics make shift unavoidable in translation in order to find out
the closest natural equivalent of SL into TL. The analysis of the English locative prepositional phrases and their
equivalents in Indonesian is intended to compare the locative prepositional phrases in English with their translation equivalents in Indonesian. The
comparison between English and its translation about locative prepositional phrases in Indonesian become important to be analyzed since it provides
understanding of the type of translation shifts applied and the impact of translation shifts occur in the translation of English locative prepositional phrases into
Indonesian. In order to compare the English locative prepositional phrases and their
translation in Indonesian, some theories are applied. The theories of translation and the theory of translation shift take important role in comparing the phrases of
in the source language text SLT and target language text TLT. Those theories are supported by the theory of loss and gain of information, the theory of English
prepositional phrase, the theory Indonesian prepositional phrase, and the theory of sentence syntactic structure in the form of tree diagrams.