Description Recount Narrative Kinds of genres

xxxii 15 Some inaccuracy in punctuation and spelling 20 Almost no inaccuracy in punctuation and spelling

C. Kinds of genres

There are a number of genres which are exposed in the literatures. Even each expert groups text not exactly the same as the other expert does. According to Macken 1991: 13 there are two main groups of genres. They are story genre and factual genres. Story genres include narrative, news story, exemplum, anecdote, and recount. Factual genres comprise procedure, explanation, report, exposition and discussion. While Derewianka 1995: 10-60 classifies texts into six groups. They are recounts, instructions, narratives, information reports, explanations, arguments. According to Anderson 2003: 3, he divides texts into two core groups. They are literary and factual texts. Literary texts include narrative, poetry, and drama. While factual texts cover recount, explanation, discussion, information report, exposition, procedure and response. The 2004 English Curriculum for Junior High School divides texts into 5 genres which are of different social function, generic structure and significant lexicogrammatical features. They are Description, Recount, Narrative, Report, Procedure. According to the curriculum for the second grade of Junior High School, the genres used to be taught to the students are Descriptive, Recount, and Narrative. To know the different social function, generic structure, and significant lexicogrammatical features, they can be described as follows:

1. Description

a. Social function To describe a particular person, place or thing. b. Generic structure 1 Identification: identifies phenomenon to be described 2 Description: describes parts, qualities, characteristics. xxxiii c. Significant lexicogrammatical features 1 Focus on specific participants 2 Use of attributive and identifying processes 3 Frequent use of epithests and classifiers in nominal groups. 4 Use of simple present tense.

2. Recount

a. Social function To retell events for the purpose of informing or entertaining b. Generic structure 1 Orientation: provides the setting and introduces participants 2 Events: tell what happened, in what sequence 3 Reorientation: optional-closure of events c. Significant lexicogrammatical features 1 Focus on specific participants 2 Use of material process 3 Circumstances of time and place 4 Use of past tense 5 Focus on temporal sequence

3. Narrative

a. Social function To amuse, to entertain and to deal with actual or vicarious experience in different way. b. Generic structure 1 Orientation: Set the scenes and introduce the participants 2 Evaluation: A stepping back to evaluate the plight 3 Complication: a crisis arises 4 Resolution: the crisis is resolved for better or worse xxxiv 5 Reorientation: optional c. Significant lexicogrammatical features 1 Focus on specific and usually individualized participants 2 Use of material processes, verbal process, relational processes and mental processes 3 Use of temporal conjunctions and temporal circumstances

D. Genre Based Approach