Previous Research THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

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CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

A. Previous Research

This analysis has been conducted by some writers in the previous research. The writer discuss the same topic and theory with previous research belongs to Deni Iskandar‟s thesis 2010 from English Letters Department State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta entitled “The Gricean Maxim Analysis in the Script of the Simpsons Season 5” which is related to this research. The thesis identifies the conversational maxim in the scope of Pragmatics study especially of the Gricean Maxim on Simpsons Season 5 movie script. The purpose of the thesis is to discover the types of the maxims which were written in the script and to categorize the violation or deviation toward Gricean maxims. The writer uses a qualitative method by collecting and studying the data. The data was analyzed through descriptive analysis technique 14 . Secondly, a similar study is also made by Haiyan Wang from College of Foreign Languages Qingdao University of Science and Technology China 2011, in his journal entitled “Conversational Implicature in English Listening Comprehension” 15 . This journal focuses on learning listening comprehension using conversational implicature. Haiyan uses Grice theory of co-operative principle to improve the listening ability both in the non-English learning major 14 Deni, Iskandar, “The Gricean Maxim Analysis in the script of the Simpsons Season 5”, unpublished undergraduate thesis Jakarta: English Letters Department, State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah, 2010 15 Wang, Haiyan, “Conversational Implicature in English Listening Comprehension”, China: College of Foreign Languages, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, 2011, vol.2 9 and the English major. Mostly, English learners are hard to understand the implied meaning in a sentence when they are given a piece of listening material although they have mastered vocabulary and grammatical rules. Hence, he thought that learning such pragmatics study especially Gricean theory is help the learners better understand implicated meaning in English listening. The next previous research is made by Nuur Alfi Laelah‟s thesis 2012 from English Letters Department State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta entitled “The Humor and Non-Humor of Grice‟s Conversational Implicature in the Transcript of Bridesmaids Movie”. This thesis is aimed at knowing the non-observance maxims, the humor and non-humor implicature in Bridesmaids movie transcript based on Grice Cooperative Principle and theory humor of Salvatore Attardo. The writer uses descriptive qualitative method to describe and identify the conversational maxim. From the research, the writer can classify humor and non humor effect by finding non-observance of maxims on the Bridesmaids Movie transcript 16 . The fourth previous research is made by Noviani‟s thesis 2012 from English Letters Department State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta entitled “Conversational Implicature in The Boy in the Striped Pajamas Movie”. The goal of this research is to find the implied meaning by analyzing non- observance maxim of conversation on The Boy in the Striped Pajamas movie. The writer uses descriptive qualitative as method of this research. The conclusion, the 16 Nur, Alfi Laela, “The Humor and Non-Humor of Grice‟s Conversational Implicature in the transcript of Brides maids Movie”, unpublished undergraduate thesis Jakarta: English Letters Department, State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah, 2012 10 writer identifies the Gricean maxim were applied and violated in the The Boy in the Striped Pajamas Movie transcript 17 . Besides, a same topic was described by Ahmed Muhammed Saleh Alduais jounal 2012 from Department of English Language King Saud University Riyadh, Saudi Arabia entitled “Conversational Implicature Flouting the Maxim: Applying Conversational Maxim on Example Taken Non-Standard Arabic Language, Yemeni Dialect, an Idiolect Spoken at IBB city. The purpose of this journal is to investigate the fact that conversational implicature theory by Grice can be universal and applied to all languages of the world, especially in idiolect from Arabic 18 Language. The writer uses descriptive qualitative method to describe the data in this research. He recorded the interview between the writer and the interviewee who speaks non-standard Arabic idiolect and transcript it into English. Then, the writer analyzes the data using Grice‟s theory of co-operative principle. The writer found that implicature theory can be applied in universal language especially Arabic language. The five topics above explain the similarities with the topic of this research, which discuss about conversational implicature using Grice theory of co- operative principle. Some writers use movie transcript as their object study and the rest of writer uses an interview as object study. In this research, the writer uses an interview transcripts as the object study, but it will be different with the 17 Noviani, “Conversational Implicature in the Boy in the Striped Pajamas Movie”, unpublished undergraduate thesis Jakarta: English Letters Department, State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah, 2012 18 Ahmed, Mohammad Saleh Aldua is, “Conversational Implicature Flouting the maxims: Applying Conversational Maxims on Examples Taken from Non-Standard Arabic Language, Yemeni Dialect, an Idiolect Spoken at IBB City‖, Riyadh: Department of English Language, King Saud University KSU, 2012, Vol.3 11 interview of the example above because it uses a formal interview transcript ABC‟s Barbara Walters and Syrian President Bashar Al-Assad published by ABC News official website. Meanwhile, the example of A. Muhammed Saleh Alduais uses standard daily activity interview that obtained from recording the interviewee. Therefore, this research is needed to discuss because it uses an interview transcript involve influential people that claimed as a dictator. As we know, Bashar Al-Assad is claimed as a dictator by Western goverment who led his country over 10 years but overall Assad family have led Syria over 20 years. In the interview, Assad tries to convey some message about a reason to maintain his position even though there are an uprising around the country. Besides his regime, Assad also has power to cover his country to against the rebel who oppose him. The writer hopes that the reader will know the character of Bashar Al-Assad who have a great spirit to struggle for their purpose on their life by analyzing the interview transcript.

B. Concept