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CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS
A. Data Description
As the writer mentioned before, this study discussed about the effectiveness of learning reading through collaborative learning which has
been done at the second grade students of SMAN 8 South Tangerang. She held the teaching and applied the Collaborative Learning Approach in
learning reading. She also gave the pre-test and post-test to the students. After conducting the research, the writer obtained two kinds of
data, the scores of pre-test and post-test, as shown in the table, see appendix 5.
B. Data Analysis
Data of students’ achievement in learning reading divided into two kinds, namely 1 the data before they learn reading through collaborative
learning which is gained from pre-test, and 2 the data after they learn reading through collaborative learning which is gained from post-test. Below the
writer will present the data about the students’ achievement in learning reading both before using collaborative learning and after using collaborative
learning. First, the writer presented the result of pre-test, post- test, and its differences. Then the writer used the formula statistic calculation of t-test
with significance 5 and 1 to decide significance of different result in teaching reading before using collaborative learning and after using
collaborative learning. In the following table, the writer presented the result calculation of
test and its differences to know the effectiveness of collaborative learning in learning reading.
Table 4.1 The result calculation of students’ pre-test and post-test
Students Pre-test
Post- test Gained score D
D
²
1 4
5.5 1.5
2.25 2
3.5 5
1.5 2.25
3 5.5
7 1.5
2.25 4
3.5 6.5
3 9
5 4.5
6.5 2
4 6
4.5 7
2.5 6.25
7 5.5
7.5 2
4 8
6 8
2 4
9 5
6.5 1.5
2.25 10
4.5 6.5
2 4
11 3
5.5 2
4 12
3.5 5.5
2 4
13 4
5.5 1.5
2.25 14
5.5 8
2.5 6.25
15 6
7.5 1.5
2.25 16
6.5 8.5
2 4
17 4.5
7.5 3
9 18
5 6.5
1.5 2.25
19 4
6 2
4 20
4.5 6.5
2 4
21 4.5
7 2.5
6.25 22
5 6.5
1.5 2.25
23 5
7.5 2.5
6.25 24
3.5 5.5
2 4
25 3.5
5 1.5
2.25 26
4.5 6
1.5 2.25
27 4.5
6 1.5
2.25
28 5
7.5 2.5
6.25 29
5 7
2 4
30 5.5
7 1.5
2.25 31
4 6.5
2.5 6.25
32 3.5
6 2.5
6.25 33
3.5 6.5
3 9
34 3
5.5 2.5
6.25 35
4.5 6
1.5 2.25
36 5
6.5 1.5
2.25 37
5 6.5
1.5 2.25
38 5.5
7 1.5
2.25 39
3.5 5.5
2 4
40 4.5
6.5 2
4 N = 40
∑ = 181 ∑ = 260.5 ∑ = 79
∑ = 165 average
4.5 6.5
1.9 4.1
The scores are processed from students’ answer sheet.
Based on the data presented in the table above, it can be discussed that the lowest gained score is 1.5 while the sum of gained score is 79 and
the sum of squared of gained score is 165. Furthermore, after finishing the calculation of test both pre-test and
post-test, the writer used t-test formula to find out the effectiveness of using collaborative learning in learning reading. Before using t-test formula, the
writer has to seek the differences of mean variables, the standard deviation scores of variables and the standard error mean of variables. The formula as
follow: a. Determining mean of variables, with formula:
M
D
=
∑
M
D
=
M
D = 1.975
b. Determining standard deviation score of variables, with formula: SD
D =
²
+
∑ ²
SD
D =
+
²
=
4.125
−
1.97 ²
= √
4.125
−
3.9
=
√
0.22
= 0.46 c. Determining of standard error mean of variables, with formula:
SE
MD = √
SE
MD
=
. .
SE
MD
= 0.07 d. Determining t
o
with formula: t
o =
t
o =
, .
e. Statistic hypothesis 1 If t
o
t
t :
there is a significance differences between variable X and variable Y . its mean the null hypothesis Ho
is rejected and the alternative hypothesis is accepted.
2 If t
o
t
t
: there is no significance difference between variable X and variable Y, its mean the null
hypothesis Ho is accepted and the alternative hypothesis is rejected.
f. Determining degrees of freedom, with formula: df
= N-1 df
= 40-1 df
= 39 t table 5 = 2.02
2.02
28.2 2.71
t table 1 = 2.71
C. Data Interpretation
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