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Writing Gerund, writing Present Participle. Gerund is double part of speech – noun and verb are amalgamated. Not only the character of gerund is as a kind of
noun but also gerund is a part of verb. As part of verb, the characteristics of the verb can be still seen from some examples who will be described by writer. Then,
there is the patterns of gerund and there are some functions like gerund is as a subject, as an object of the sentence, as an object of certain verb, as an object of
preposition, as a predicate complement, as a modifier of noun, gerund with their subjects, and gerund with “it...ing”. They will be described in this paper clearly.
The writer chooses novel “Four” who is written by Veronica Roth as an object of study of gerund. Writer chooses this novel because this novel has
interesting story. Besides, gerund is one of the grammatical case which is difficult to study. Many people are confused about what the gerund is. Gerund is almost
like infinitive or present participle. Whereas gerund sees very different than them. If we can know definition and function with its examples, we can find difference
between gerund with other grammar forms.
1.2 Problem of the Study
The problem of this study are as the following: 1 Functions of gerunds used in the novel.
2 The precentage of the gerund used in Veronica Roth’s novel “Four”.
1.3 Scope of the Study
This study is focused on gerund description used in Veronica Roth’s novel “Four”. But especially the functions and the most dominant of precentage
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gerund used in Veronica Roth’s novel “Four” which will be described in this paper.
1.4 Purpose of the Study
1 Give the descriptions of gerunds. 2 To find out the precentage of the gerund usage.
1.5 Significance of the Study
There are some significances of the study: 1 To let the reader understand about the usage of gerunds in the novel.
2 It can be made by the junior students as reference to a writing of english grammar.
1.6 Method of Study
The writer used Library Research in writing this paper. Library research is the technique of data collection by research to gather as much information
relevant to the topic. Sourced can be gotten from literature : scientific books, journals, and other sources of suitable like internet.
The data is sentences used gerunds found in a Veronica Roth’s novel “Four”. There are about 89 gerunds found in Four novel as the data source.
The writer used descriptive method in analyzing the data. Descriptive method of research is where the person doing the research presents it in a
descriptive manner. The descriptive research designs enable researchers to describe or present the picture of a phenomenon or phenomena under
investigation. The step or procedure in analyzing the data :
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1. Reading Four novel.
2. Identifying the sentences contain gerunds.
3. Classifying the gerunds.
4. Analyzing the data by counting the dominant gerunds and the frequency of
each variable of gerunds into percentages of their usage in the articles. To get the precentage the writer applies this formula.
The Formula :
X = The percentage of each kind of the gerund Y = The total number of each kind of gerund
N = The total of kind of gerund X = YN x 100
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2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Definition of Gerund
