K X CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

56 CHAPTER 5 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.0 CONCLUSIONS

After all the testing and result analysis, it can be concluded that the objective to determine the effect of nano-CaCO 3 to mechanical properties of e p o x y c o m p o s i t e r e i n f o r c e d recycle rubber has been achieved. All the mechanical properties of these specimens were determine by conducting the tensile test, impact test, Scanning Electron Microscope SEM and microhardness test. The effects of nano-CaCO 3 towards mechanical properties of epoxy composite can be explained by the analysis of the microstructure. The whole experiment and the study effect of nano- CaCO 3 towards mechanical properties can be summarized as below: 1. The tensile stress of polymer matrix composite are been affected by the nano CaCo 3 . Higher nano CaCo 3 produced higher tensile stress and tensile strain. The maximum stress obtained at higher nano CaCo 3 is 22.64 Mpa 2. The tensile strain increase as the nano-CaCo 3 is increase. Material behaves more ductile as the nano-CaCo 3 is increase. 3. The tensile strain is decrease as nano CaCo 3 increase. This means the brittle increase as nano CaCo 3 is lower. 57 4. For the Charpy test, more energy been absorbed by specimen with high nano CaCo 3 . The most energy absorbed is by the highest nano CaCo 3 8 that is 0.8J. This is due to higher energy needed as the structure has very fine crystal structure with no weak site. 5. As we increased the nano CaCo 3 to the epoxy composite, certain mechanical properties such as and impact strength are been improved if compared to pure composites samples.

5.1 RECOMMENDATIONS

To further the investigation of the mechanical properties , some modifications can be suggested to improve the understandings of such material hence lots of study to improve its properties can be done in the future. Thus, some recommendations were suggested for this study as follow: 1. This study only uses 3 mm thickness of specimen to obtain the material’s properties. Hence, for the future study, the specimens can be prepared with different thickness. 2. This study just added 0-8 of nano calcium carbonate fillers to the epoxy composite, for the future study specimens can be prepared with various percentage of fillers and study the effects to the mechanical properties. 3. Insert different types of fillers into the epoxy composite and study the effects on the mechanical properties. 58 REFERENCES Solvay Precipitated Calcium Carbonate: Production. Solvay S. A.. 2007-03-09. Cristina Buzea, Ivan Pacheco, and Kevin Robbie 2007. Nanomaterials and Nanoparticles: Sources and Toxicity. Biointerphases 2: MR17. Crystal, Garry 2008. What are Nitrile Gloves?. wise GEEK. Conjecture Corporation. http:www.wisegeek.comwhat-are-nitrile-gloves.htm. Retrieved 2008-02- 05. Freeman, Gary M. Macon, GA, Moritz, Randal A. Lizella, GA, Jones, William J. Lizella, GA, Moller, Kurt H. Warner Robins, GA,2002 Processes for preparing precipitated calcium carbonate compositions and the products thereof, Hofmann,W., NITRILE RUBBER, Rubber Chemistry and Technology, A RUBBER REVIEW for 1963, 154-160 1964. Horvath, J.W., Paper No. 18, Dynamic Properties of Nitrile Rubbers, Presented at Rubber Division Meeting, ACS, Las Vegas, Nevada 1990. Ibid., 71. Kahn, Jennifer 2006. Nanotechnology. National Geographic 2006 June: 98–119. Kline, R. Polymerizable Antioxidants in Elastomers, Presented at Rubber Division Meeting, ACS, Toronto, Canada 1974. 59 Kline, R. Polymerizable Antioxidants in Elastomers, Presented at Rubber Division Meeting, ACS, Toronto, Canada 1974. Mackey, D. and Jorgensen, A.H., Elastomers, Synthetic Nitrile Rubber, Kirk-Othmer Concise Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 4th Edition, 687-688 1999. N. Taniguchi 1974. On the Basic Concept of Nano-Technology. Proc. Intl. Conf. Prod. London, Part II British Society of Precision Engineering. Nallick P K, Fiber-reinforced Composites : Materials, Manufacturing and Design Marcel Dekker Inc, New York 1993 Patnaik, Pradyot 2003. Handbook of Inorganic Chemical Compounds. McGraw- Hill. ISBN 0070494398 Semon,W.L., NITRILE RUBBER, SYNTHETIC RUBBER, Division of Chemistry, American Chemical Society, 802-3 1954. Solvay Precipitated Calcium Carbonate: Production. Solvay S. A. 2007-03-09. Retrieved on 2007-12-30. Table 14, Nitrile Dry Rubber NBR, IISRP Synthetic Rubber Manual,13th Edition, 1995. Table 2, Worldwide Long Term New Rubber Consumption Forecast by Elastomer Type, IISRP Worldwide Rubber Statistics 2001. http:www.wisegeek.comwhat-is-styrene-butadiene-rubber.htm accessed : 6 September 2010 Precipitated Calcium Carbonate uses. http:www.aristocratholding.comcalris-5.html. accessed : 6 September 2010