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2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1
What is Novel?
The word novel comes from the Italian novella, new things. Novels are long prose fiction, including every kind of plot tragic, comic, all styles and
manners of dealing with their material and showing a capacity to cover every imaginable subject matter from all points of view.
A novel is an extended work of prose fiction, longer than a short story or a medium-length fiction. Watson 1979:xi says “Novel is the name of literary
kind, and there is a story to tell about how, over the centuries, its subtance has widened and its conventions changed.” It means that novel is literary kind, tell the
stories of life in the last centuries. It is clear that novel can send the message through the story which has written.
2.2 Theme
Theme is the central idea in the story. Theme is the relation between idea and purpose of the fiction that written by the author. To find the theme, the reader
must read the whole stories of the novel. Novel can show more than one theme, there are one main theme and addition themes. The addition theme must be
coherence and support the main theme to get the unity. In understanding the theme, there is a difference between the author and
the reader. The reader will understand the the theme after reading the story until the end finish then know about all elements in the novel. Besides, the author must
understand the theme of the story before starting to write the story.
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2.3 Character
Character is one of the intrinsic elements in literature. Where, the character has a very important position in a story fiction. Characters are the people
that do the action so that created a story. In a novel, character is very closely related with the plot. Both very
closely related between one with others. Plot is usually as a prominent supporter, whereas character is element that sparking the event realize plot.
Roberts 1993:135-136 says, there are five ways that use the author to present their character in, they are action what characters do is our best way to
understand what they are. The action may also signal qualities such as naivete, weakness, deceit, a scheming personality, strong inner conflicts, or a realization or
growth of some short. Description, both personal and environmental.Appereance and
environment reveal much about a character’s social and economic status, of course, but they also tell us more about character traits. Dramatic statement and
thoughts.Altought the speeches of most characters are functional essential to keep the story moving along they provide material from which you can draw
conclusions. Statement by other character. By studying what character say about each
other, you can enhance your understanding of the character being discussed. Statement by the author speaking as story teller or observer. What the author,
speaking with the authorial voice, says about a character is usually accurate, and the authorial voice can be accepted factually.
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Based on different point of view and observation, character devided in to: major character and minor character, protagonist, and antagonist, and flat
character and round character.
2.4 Setting
