The Adventure Of Quentin To Find Margo In Jhon Green’s Novel Paper Towns

APPENDICS

BIOGRAPHY AUTHOR

John Green is a recent popular name in the American young adult fiction. He is also an avid video blogger who has published numerous educational videos online. The Fault in Our Stars is considered to be his outstanding by far along with other notables.

John Michael Green was born on August 24, 1977, to Mike and Sydney Green in Indianapolis. He received his early education from Lake Highland Preparatory School and Indian Springs School. His experience of school was similar to other social outcasts who get bullied by arrogant people. He earned double graduation degrees in English and Religious Studies from Kenyon College. He worked as a student chaplain after graduation in a children’s hospital. His initial aim was to become an Episcopal priest. However, the time he spent among children with terminal-illness stimulated him to become a writer. Afterwards, he worked as a publishing assistant for Booklist, a book review

journal. Green wrote numerous reviews on literary fictions mostly concerning conjoined twins or religion of Islam.

While working as a critique he also began writing his debut Looking for Alaska. Eventually, he had his project completed and published by 2005. It is a coming-of-age romance novel about a teen Miles. The novel is inspired by Green’s time at Indian Springs. Unlike other YA writers, Green has broadened the horizon of YA novels’ subjects matter. He introduced more philosophical approach to the issues in a teenager’s life. The unorthodox form and content of the novel had it earned the American Library Association’s Michael L. Printz Award in 2006. The book made a record staying at New York Times best seller list for the span of 7 years.

Subsequently, Green penned a second novel in 2006 titled, An Abundance of Katherines. It was another successful publication which was able to garner runner-up position for the Printz Award and Los Angeles Times Book Prize’s finalist stand. His next novel published in 2008, Paper Town, was also received with the same enthusiasm as its predecessors. There was a promise of a film adaptation of the book which he accepted. However, later Green realized book’s worth and feared the movie’s failure to capture its essence would fail his dedicated readers. Thus, he pulled out of the adaptation contract. Moreover, following the success of his literary work, Green quit his job at Booklist as a critique with intention of working as a professional writer.

The years to come brought Green achievement of his lifetime in the form of The Fault in Our Stars. It was the highest grossing novel of 2012. The novel is

about a teen Hazel with a terminal lung cancer, who keeps waiting for the sword to fall. Unlike other kids she didn’t have much to aspire for until she meets Augustus who had once suffered from cancer himself. A sudden twist of fate takes them on a trip to Amsterdam and the journey changes everything for them. Green has masterfully sketched the plot in which he made certain at the beginning there is no happy-ending but there is hope. He expands the limitation of YA novel by discussing mature subject matter. Green philosophically and wittily approaches the theme of grief, pain, death, oblivion and other serious subjects. Moreover, he profusely infused the literary allusions in the novel giving it a more sophisticated form.

SUMMARY

Paper Towns is the story of a boy named Quentin Jacobsen and the adventure he is drawn into by his childhood friend and secret love Margo Roth Spiegelman. As children, Quentin and Margo discovered a dead man's body; an event that binds them in ways they do not realize. As they grow up however, they grow apart. After this is explained in the prologue, Part I of the book sets up the main narrative by introducing the setting, Jefferson High in Orlando, Florida in the early 2000s and introduces Quentin's good friends, Radar and Ben Starling, his fellow nerds. In contrast, Margo is the most popular girl in school who has an incredible reputation for her wild hijinks. The plot takes off in Chapter 3 when Margo sneaks into Quentin's bedroom and asks him to help her execute an eleven-part plan, which largely involves taking revenge on her ex-boyfriend. Throughout the night, Quentin is exhilarated and his love for Margo is reenergized.

In Part II of the book, Margo completely disappears and Quentin wonders if he will see her again. However, Margo has left him a series of clues as to her whereabouts. Part II is spent piecing together Margo's clues. Quentin pursues Margo with the help of his friends, but all the while, high school comes to an end. Quentin follows a string of false leads, which makes him increasingly reflective and leads him to gradually accept that he has made Margo into a magical non-person, a "paper girl" and that he loves someone who may not exist. He eventually decides that the only way to ind Margo is to understand who she is. Throughout Part II, Quentin grapples with Margo's use of the phrase "paper towns" in her clues. Eventually he figures out that a paper town is a false city on a map that cartographers once used to detect copycats. Margo had left for the paper town of Agloe, New York.

Part III begins with the night of the graduation when Quentin grabs his friends to leave on an intense, twenty-one hour road trip from Orlando to upstate Agloe. Quentin, Radar, Ben, and Ben's new girlfriend Lacey, must catch Margo the day before she leaves Agloe forever. When they reach Agloe, they find Margo in an old barn, writing. After fighting furiously about Margo's apparent selfishness for leaving, Ben, Radar, and Lacey storm out. Quentin and Margo learn that they had idealized one another and love each other. However, they both realize with regret that their love was based in falsehood, in being a "paper boy" and a "paper girl." Margo left in order to release everyone from the effects of her false, public personality. Quentin, however, does not give up on Margo. They admit their

romantic affections for one another but realize that their values must inevitably lead them to separate futures.

References

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Green, Jhon. 2015. Paper Towns. United States: Dutton Books.

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Peck, Jhon. 1983. How to Study a Novel. Great Britain: The Camelot Press Ltd. Robert, Edgar V and Henry E Jacobs. 1993. Literature: An Introduction to

Reading and Writing (Fourth Edition). New Jersey: Prentice- Hall, Inc Sembiring, Matius C.A. 2014. BukuPanduan Program D-III

BahasaInggrisFakultasIlmuBudaya USU. Medan: unpublished. Sembiring, Matius CA. 2014.KompilasiBahanKuliah. Medan: unpublished. Spears, Josephine. 1958. Teacher’s Manual for Adventures in English Literature.

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Stanton, Robert. 1999. An Introduction to fiction. New York: Holrinehart and Winston.

Sukada, Made.1987. PembinaanKritikSastra Indonesia. Bandung: Angkasa. Suryabrata. 1984. MetodePenelitian. Jakarta: Angkasa.

Surachman, Winarno. 1982. PengantarpenelitianIlmiah. Bandung: Tarsito.

Wellek, Rene and Warren Austin. 1995. TeoriKesusasteraan. Jakarta: PT GramediaPustaka

Whitla, William. 2010. The English Handbook ‘A Guide to Literary Studies’. Oxford: Blackwell.

3. THE ANALYSIS

In literature Point of view is the voice of the story, the speaker who does the narrating. It is the way the reality of a story is made to seem authentic. It may be regarded as the story’s focus. The angle of vision from which things are not only seen and reported but also judged. A story may be told by a fictitious “observer” who tell us what he or she saw. Heard, concluded, and thought.

Robert and Jacob (1995:55) says, “The other important point of view is the third person. The third person point of view may be (1) limited, with the focus being on one particular character and what he or she does, say, hears, thinks and otherwise experiences.(2) omniscient, with the possibility that the thoughts and behaviors off all characters are open and fully known by the speaker, and (3) dramatic or object in which the story is confined only to the reporting of actions and speeches, with no commentary and no revelation of the thoughts of any of the characters unless the characters themselves make this revelations dramatically.”

Point of view is one of the many ways in which authors make fiction vital. By controlling point of view, an author make us reasonable inferences about the story actions. Authors use point of view to raise some of the same questions in their fiction that perplex use in life. We need to evaluate what fictional narrators as well as real people tell us, for what they say is affected by their limitation, attitudes, opinions, and degree of candidness. Point of view refers to the position and stance of the voice, or speaker that authors adopt for their works. It suppose a living narrator or person who tells stories, presents arguments, or express attitudes such as love, anger or excitement. Practically, point of view involves the actual

physical location of this speaker and his or her position to see and record the main action and ideas.

In an adventure, one or more people set out on a quest. The path they take is seldom smooth and various chapters of the story may act as mini-adventures in their own right.

Adventures have more structure than pure thrillers, in which excitement is the key ingredient. They are romantic in the literary sense rather than the boy-meets-girl sense, although interpersonal romance of course is not precluded.

Adventures can happen to ordinary people going about their daily business. They may also be sought by 'professional adventurers' who have the wherewithal to mount expeditions to find foreign treasure or seek other goals in exotic lands.Adventure stories can encompass other story types, includi other genre, though, the adventure embraces traditional plot elements, such as a journey, gaining symbolic artefacts and defeating an archetypal villain in pursuit of a defined mission.

3.1 Margo Reasons to Run Away

Margo Roth Spiegelman is a young girl. She has blue eyes. She has a long hair and the smell like lilacs. The smell of her skin crushed almonds. She has nice fingers, thinner than the rest of her body, which were all curves and soft edges. Margo is the girl who loved mysteries so much that she became one.

Margo always loved mystery. And in everything that came afterward, I could never stop thinking that maybe she loved mysteries so much that she became one.(Jhon Green, 2015:8)

She is a spiteful girl. She wiggle her toes to the cadence when her talking. She always talked like that, with this discernible rhythm, like she was reading poetry.

Margo is student of Winter Park High School. Margo is the most popular girl at her school where she takes control and many people look up to her for leadership. However, unlike her looks, she is completely mysterious on the inside and no one knows who the real Margo is.

One night, Quentin goes home with his usual routine. Then, when he is about to sleep, he sees Margo in front of his window, just like when they were nine. Quentin opens the door and asks why she is there but all she say is that she needs a ride with his car. Her face is covered with black paint. Suddenly, her father calls her up from the ground, shouting her to come down. She tells his father that she is just chatting with Quentin but her dad notices the black paints in her face. She goes back out the window but in few minutes comes back. She asks for a ride and Quentin accepts her offer with a little doubt. But because he loves her, he follows her. Margo has few hundred dollars in her pocked because she knows the password to her parent’s bank account.

Margo takes out all the savings and asks Quentin to go to Wal-Mart to buy some “stuffs,” which are thirteen pounds of catfish, Veet, the fat -daddy-size tub of Vaseline, a six pack of Mountain Dew, a can of blue spray paint, and a dozen tulips on the conveyor belt. She tells him that she has eleven missions to accomplish that school night. Quentin is a little afraid that it might be a felony to follow her doing mysterious stuffs, but he believes in her. The first task is to

attack The Club to her boyfriend, Jase’s, car.Jason Worthington (Jase)Margo’s boyfriend who secretly dates Becca, and is later discovered by Margo that he is cheating on her. His mentality is similar toChuck Parson’s where nothing complicated crosses his mind. Also, his mind isfilled with thoughts about girls for the most part and partying. He is alsophysically tall and has his weight as an advantage which gives him easy timewhen bothering freshmen.

The second missions is to call Becca’s dad who is Margo’s friend and tell her dad that her daughter is having sex with Jason Worthington in their basement. The third mission is to take a picture of Jason running out of Becca’s basement, half naked. But when they accomplishes the third mission, Jason is so much in hurry that he doesn’t wear his boxers appropriately and Little Jason have been taken in the picture. The fourth mission is to get his clothes in case he tries to sneak back into her house. The fifth mission is to leave fish for Becca in her room. Becca Arrington is friend of Margo who secretly dates Margo’s boyfriend Jase.She is physically gifted just like Margo and Lacey, and many people envy herfacial features especially her nose and eyes. Similar to her looks, her mind isfilled with staying popular with the latest trend and keeping up with gossips. Sheis also a huge gossiper who likes to spread false rumors.

All these missions are for a revenge because Margo didn’t realize that Jason was cheating on her for six weeks until her friend told her few days ago. When Quentin and Margo accomplishes until the fifth mission, he is not afraid of anything anymore. He is able to continue the journey and follow Margo. Next, the sixth mission is to leave flowers on Karin’s doorstep with apologetic note. After

finishing, the seventh mission is to leave a fish f or Mr. Worthington. Then, they continue on the eight mission, which is to leave fish inside Lacey’s car.

Lacey is friend of Margo who later joins Quentin and his friends insearch for Margo. She is gifted with beauty just like Margo having skinny bodywhich makes others care about how they look like. Despite the outside looks,Lacey’s mentality shows sensitiveness when she tries to help Quentin find Margo bytelling him everything she knows and offering help. She is usually perceived to be apopular type of girl who likes to party and enjoy life within the popular sphere atschool. However, as she starts to date Quentin’s friend Ben, she is viewed in adifferent way where looks don’t determine a person’s personality. It can be inferredthat popular and pretty girls usually have spoiled characteristics in novels, but forLacey, she is sincere and takes good responsibility. Her behavior and actionsdemonstrated in the course of finding Margo proves Lacey’s capabilities andwillingness to help a dear friend.

Margo and Quentin continues to travel in the dawn. They go to Chuck’s house to revenge on Quentin’s old humiliation from Dance School.Chuck ParsonA senior attending same school as Quentin who has bullied and bothered Quentin since freshmen year. He is physically big so he uses hisphysical powers as an advantage to over Quentin. His mental mind is simple andis not the smartest in school, and his mental mind goes with the flow of whateveris happening around him. They break in to his room and put Veet on his right eyebrow. They are entertained by the fact that if he will shave the other side or color in the left side. After they put Veet, they painted his doorknob with Vaseline so that he wouldn’t

be able to open the door when Quentin and Margo are running. After the success of the mission, they are headed to the Orlando City skyscraper. When they are at the top of the building, they look at the Orlando City and discuss how “fake” the city is. Margo relates the city to “Paper Town.”

After took one night revenge with Quentin, Margo disappears. Her parents tell Quentin that she is run away. After Margo’s run away, Quentin Mentality changes and becomes extremely preoccupied with thought about Margo regarding her safety and whereabouts. Then one day, he found the clues that Margo left for him. The clues brought him to an adventure to find Margo.

Quentin Jacobson is Margo neighbor. He has average height and has typical blue eyes. Margo and Quentin haven’t been very close friends as they grew up, but Quentin is still willing to help Margo despite all the trouble he and his friends have to go through. This can also prove Quentin’s determined mind as the main character who takes on the responsibility to solve the conflict.

Margo’s reasons for the run away and everything about her personality revealed when Quentin finds Margo. Margo’s reasons for run away and relating herself to paper towns and being a paper girl reveals Margo’s inner self and her longings. In a way, she compares herself to being a paper material to explain the hidden and mysterious side of her and the truth that lies within herself that only she knows.

3.2 The adventure of Quentin to find Margo

One month before their high school graduation, Margo has devised a revenge mission on her friends who she feels have hurt her over the course of her

high school career. She convinces Quentin to help her. The next day after the revenges, Margo doesnot show up to school.

After she has been missing for three days, her parents call a detective. Margo has run away four times before in the past. She’s been known to leave clues.

“She’s been known to leave a bit of bread crumb trail; is that right?”

“Clues,” Mr. Spiegelmansaid, standing up now. The detective had place the folder on the table, and Margo’s dad leaned forward to look at it with him. “Clues everywhere. The day she ran away to Mississippi, she ate alphabet soup and left exactly four letters in her soup bowl: an M, an I, an S, and a P. she was disappointed when we didn’t piece it together, although as I told her when she finally returned: ‘How can we find you when all we know is Mississippi? It’s a big state, Margo!”

The detective cleared his throat. “And she left Minnie Mouse on her bed when she spent a night inside Disney World.” (Jhon Green, 2015:102)

After the detectiveand Margo’s parents went, Quentin and his parents talk about how an irresponsible parents they are,leaving their daughter to find her own life. Later Ben and Radar visit Quentin. While they are at Quentin’sDue to the fact that Quentin was the last person to see Margo, he is questioner by detective. However, soon after his conversation with detective, Quentin notices a poster of Woody Guthrie taped to the back of the shade.

I happened to glance out my window, and I saw immediately that someone-the detective, I guessed-lowered the shade in Margo’s room. But I wasn’t seeing the shade. Instead, I was seeing a black-and-white poster, taped to the back of the shade. In the photograph, a man stands, his shoulders slightly slumped, staring ahead. A cigarette dangles out of his mouth. A guitar is slung over his shoulder, and the

guitar is painted with the words THIS MACHINE KILLS FASCISTS. (Jhon Green, 2015:108)

Quentin thinks it’s one of the clues that Margo leave for him. It’s approved by his best friend Radar and Ben.

Radar opened the window and stuck his head out, swiveling it around. “It sure seems she left this for you, though, Q. I mean, does she know anyone else who could see this window?” I shook my head no.

After a moment, Ben added, “The way he’s staring at us it’s like, ‘pay attention to me.’ And his head like that, you know? It’s not like he’s standing on stage; it’s like he’s standing in a doorway or something.” (Jhon Green, 2015:109)

Ben Starling is Quentin’s best friend since childhood and is the first chair clarinet player. His mental mind is filled with ridiculous ideas and facts but sometimes they come in handy because they’re so simple. On the other hand, Ben’s other half of the brain is always filled with thoughts about hot girls. He is also physically tall and usually worn baggy clothes which emphasizes his simple mind and personality.

Radar is another Quentin’s best friend. He is exceptionally smart and gifted the ability to use technology. Therefore, he is always thinking about various technologies and finds ways to invent them in order to incorporate into his program Omnictionary. Seeming like a nerd, Radar doesn’t look like one for he wears contact lenses and is quite tall after growing six more inches during high school.

According to the poster that they saw earlier, Quentin thinks that they have to come inside of Margo’s room. So they wait for Margo’s mom and dad to leave her house. As soon as her parents leave her house, Quentin, Ben, and Radar

bribe her little sister, Ruthie, to let them in, so that they can search through her room.They soon discover that the poster leads them to a song called Walt Whitman's Niece. This then leads them to Walt Whitman's poem, "Song of Myself," which is a part of his poetry collection, Leaves of Grass. In her room, Margo provides a copy of the poem with highlighted sections.

There were several quotes highlighted in blue, all from the epically long poem known as “Song of Myself.” And there were two lines from the poem that were highlighted in green:

Unscrew the locks from the doors!

Unscrew the doors themselves from their jambs! (Jhon Green, 2015:116)

Quentin believes that Margo has left the highlighted sections as clues for him to find her.Thus, Quentin spends countless days and nights reading and re-reading the poem to search for clues of her where about.One day, when Quentin driving with Radar and Ben they discuss about the clue suddenly, Ben giving Quentin an advice to unhinge the door.

“It’s not poetry. It’s not metaphor. It’s instructions. We are supposed to go to Margo’s room and unscrew the lock from the door and unscrew the door itself from its jamb.”(Jhon Green, 2015:125)

With the advice from Ben, they went to Margo’s and start to unhinge the door. But there’s nothing on the door.

A few days later, Quentin started a little depressed about prom, because Quentin hate prom. Quentin thought about the clue and he noticed the clue was mine. The doors were mine. So, he started to unhinge his door. When the door started to fall, he saw a tiny piece of paper flutter down from the door. It was a sliver of newspaper the Orlando Sentinel, half straight edges and half ripped. In

the paper was write “do Sentinel May 6,2.” The day she’d left. The message was clearly from her because Quentin recognized her handwriting “8328 bartlesville Avenue.” Then he went to the computer and looked up a map of 8328 Bartlesville Avenue. It was 34.6 miles away, way the hell out Colonial Drive almost to the town of Christmas, Florida.

The next day, Quentin decides to go to the address with Radar and Ben. After driving about one hour they arrived at the address. They found a strip mall wavering in the bright distance. It’s a place that called Pseudovision; a subdivision abandoned before it could be completed.It was a place where someone would go to die. They all go to the building and find the “troll hole.” There, they find a mysterious writing that says,

Once you go to paper town, there is no leaving it.(Jhon Green, 2015:149)

Thethree friends are freaked out and decide to leave the building.

Eventually, the clues lead Quentin to believe that Margo may be possibly hiding out or buried in one of the many abandoned subdivision projects or "pseudovisions" around Orlando.Margo says it as Paper town.

Quentin searches abandoned subdivisions in internet and managed to compile a list of its. Then, he drove out of town on colonial and arriving at one of pseudovision Grove Point Acres. From close up, he could see that Grove Point Acres was more finished than it initially appeared. He looked to evidence she had been there footprints or something written in the dirt or some memento. But he seemedto be the first person on there. No tent. No campfire. No Margo.

Quentin drove to the other pseudovision called Holly Meadows. He drove past Holly Meadows three times before he finally found it everything in the area was oak trees and ranch land. He ended up his searching for today.

The next day, Quentin lies to his parents that he’s going to prom and decides to continue his search. He went to the next pseudovision called Quail Hollow. Unlike the previous pseudovisions, someone was keeping up Quail Hollow. No houses had been built, but the lots were marked with surveying stakes, and the grass was freshly mown. In the center, there’s lake that for some reason, drained. He’s feeling thankful that there’s nothing like body, or something related to Margo. Quentin finished his searching at there. Then, hegoes to the minimall and while he was there, he discovered Margo’s blanket, nail polish, andtravel guide books. Also, multiple clues show up proving that Margo was at the minimall such as the smell of Margo’s shampoo and skin lotion on the blanket. While Quentin is still there, he starts to grasp the meaning of the poem and starts to question may different sides that Margo has when she’s with different people.

After searching through the books, Quentin falls asleep but gets awakened by Ben’s phone call asking him to come pick him up from Becca’s party. At Becca’s party, everyone was drunk and acting hyper especially Ben. While the party chaos is taking place, Quentin and Becca talk about Margo and who she really is and how she can’t be replaced. The next day, Quentin called Ben and Radar to inform them about the discoveries that he made at the minimall and the boys gather to discuss numerous subjects.

After visiting the minimall with Ben and Radar, Quentin plans to go again. But for this time with LaceyPemberton. However, when they visit, someone is inside the mini mall. It is Gus and his friends. Gus andMargo know each other because Gus was a senior when Margo was a freshman. They tell stories about how Margo used to visit the minimall often to “explore” the building by taking photos, notes, and just looking at the dead building. They tell Quentin that she takes notes in her notebook every time when she visits and Lacey also brings back memories of Margo writing down notes in her notebook.

The next day, Quentin is discovering some locations that Margo pointed in the map. But Ben calls and says that his parents won’t be home for few days because they were out of town, trying to buy the Black Santas. Thus he opens a party and at the party, Ben and Quentin talks about how to kiss a girl because Ben says that he sucks at kissing with Lacey. Quentin gives Ben few tips about kissing when Lacey listens to their conversation. But they soon gather up in the living room and talks about stuffs that are going around them. When Quentin going back home, right before he is about to sleep, he stared at the wall and saw something

And every time I opened my eyes, I saw where each map had been - the four holes marking the rectangle, and the pinholes seemingly randomly distributed inside the rectangle.

A map.With plotted point” (Jhon Green, 2015:217).

He discovers that Margo left locations in the map by pinning them with pins. The next day, Quentin and his friends head to the minimall to find Margo’s map in the office. However, unlike how Quentin imagined, the points are not as specific as he thought, which makes it harder to decipher the locations that Margo

was trying to point out. The final exam weeks are coming up,Quentin and his friends are busy studying. However, Ben and Lacey come up with the theory that Margowill show up at graduation to get attention

Ben showed up then. “I swear to God, Q, Lacey and I were up on IM until two o’clock in the morning playing on that site, thelongwayround? And having now plotted every single possible trip that Margo could have taken between Orlando and those five points, I realize I was wrong all this time. She’s not in Orlando. Radar’s right. She’s coming back here for graduation day.”

“Why?”

“The timing is perfect. To drive from Orlando to New York to the mountains to Chicago to Los Angeles back to Orlando is like exactly a twenty-thee-day trip. Plus, it’s a retarded joke, but it’s a Margo joke. You make everyone think you offed yourself with an air of mystery so that everyone pays attention. And then right as all the attention starts to go away, you show up at graduation.” (Jhon Green, 2015:224-225)

However Quentin doesn’t believe that Margo needs attention.When the final was over, Quentin cleans his locker while everybody went home. He realizes that it is the last time he would be at school because the next day is Quentin’s graduation day. For his graduation present from his parents, Quentin gets a Ford minivan. Before it turns noon, Quentin searches up some locations in the Omnictionary. While searching the locations, Quentin finds out that Agloe, New York was also called “paper towns.”

Agloe, New York, is a fictitious village created by the Esso company in the early 1930s and inserted into tourist maps as a copyright trap, or paper town. (Jhon Green, 2015:235)

Every Omnictionary entry contains subpages where you can view all the edits ever made to the page and any discussion by Omnictionary members about it. The Agloe page hadn’t been edited by anyone in almost a year, but there was one recent comment on the talk page by an anonymous user.

Fyi, whoever Edits this-the Population of agloe Will actually be One until may 29th at noon. (Jhon Green, 2015:236)

Quentin realizes that this is Margo’s writing because of its unusual capitalization. It is written fifteen days before so Quentin starts to have more faith that she is alive. He calls up all his friends because heonly has 24 hours left and the trip to Agloe is going to take about 23 hours or more. But because it is graduation day, he visits school, tells his parents that he is going to miss graduation. He leaves with his friends on a road trip to Agloe.

Quentin and his friends are all in Quentin’s minivan driving and they’re preparing for their first stop at the gas station. As they’re preparing a list of items to buy, they’re alsocalculating the maximum amount of time that they can takeat the stop in order to reach Agloe as scheduled or asearly as possible. Soon, they pull into the gas station andeveryone rushes out to do their job of shopping at the storeand to fill the gas. Everyone is moving like lightning andafter exactly six minutes as they had planned, they leavethe gas station. As they’re driving again, they take the supplies that they purchased and categorize theminto order. While categorizing the purchases, they talk about the food they purchased, and Radar and Benwear the new t-shirts they bought over their graduation gown.

After exciting Florida, they arrive in South Carolina where they’re greatly affected by the traffic. Due to the fact traffic and the ride getting boring,

Quentin and Radar make up games to play along the journey such as “That Guy Is a Gigolo,” and “metaphyicalispy.” Soon, Ben and Lacey falls asleep and Quentin describes his minivan like a car by making comparisons like the passenger seat being a living room, and the back row being a first bedroom, and etc. After one hour, Quentin and Radar are talking about their twitches after continuous drinking of Bluefin which is supposed to keep them awake. Their char continues until arriving at the second gas stop. Once again, everyone gets off and follows the same routine as before.

About half way through the trip, Quentin and Ben start to get into a minor argument about finding Margo and as Quentin is about to curst at Ben, he sees two cows in the way while he’s driving. Quentin believes that he’s going to die with all his friends because there was no way to stop the car, but Ben takes control of the wheel and turns to the side avoiding hitting the cows and in fact, saves everyone. As a consequence of almost an accident, Quentin gets injured and the glass bottles where drinks and beer were all cracked. Anyways, they continue to travel and decide to name Quentin’s car “The Dreidel” considering the almost car accident they had earlier.

Finally, they arrive at Agloe and follow a path and as soon as Lacey discovers Margo’s car, everyone runs to the deserted barn where the car is parked. Margo is found to be writing in her mysterious black notebook and she acts surprised to see them all of a sudden. Then, Margo and Quentin start to talk but their frustration lead to minor quarrel but they start to talk things out. Margo explains to Quentin what the black notebook is and Margo tells Quentin the story

that she wrote in fifth grade. Also, Margo tells Quentin the real reason why she left earlier than planned and how she’s a paper girl and the town of Orlando isn’t a paper town.

4. CONCLUSION AND SUGESTION 4.1 Conclusion

After analyzing the adventure story that Quentin did to find Margo in this paper, the adventure story is one of genre of fiction. Which in an adventure, an exciting undertaking involving risk and physical danger, form the main storyline.

Characters, theme, plot and setting are the key of adventure story. The conflict in adventure is often man against nature.In the novel, Margo has run away and leaves the clues. The clues that she leave is just to entertain herself. But, Quentin believe that the clues for him. The clues bring him and his friends to the Agloe where’s Margo be. Unfortunately, Margo doesn’t want to be found, she wants someone to care about her.

4.2 Suggestion

After analyzing Paper Towns, the writer would hope that the readers and audiences can more clearly understand about the adventure story of Quentin to find Margo in this novel and who has not read the novel will set interested.

This paper also can be as a guide to other students in analyzing other literary works especially novel. I hope that other student can analyze Paper Towns

novel from another literary works. It is also valuable to improve and intensify our ability in learning English. This study could at last become guidance for further study about other elements on literature.

2. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 What is Novel?

The word (novel) comes from the Italian novella, new things. Novels are long prose fiction, including every kind of plot (tragic, comic), all styles and manners of dealing with their material and showing a capacity to cover every imaginable subject matter from all points of view.

A novel is an extended work of prose fiction, longer than a short story or a medium-length fiction. Watson (1979:xi) says “Novel is the name of literary kind, and there is a story to tell about how, over the centuries, its subtance has widened and its conventions changed.” It means that novel is literary kind, tell the stories of life in the last centuries. It is clear that novel can send the message through the story which has written.

2.2 Theme

Theme is the central idea in the story. Theme is the relation between idea and purpose of the fiction that written by the author. To find the theme, the reader must read the whole stories of the novel. Novel can show more than one theme, there are one main theme and addition themes. The addition theme must be coherence and support the main theme to get the unity.

In understanding the theme, there is a difference between the author and the reader. The reader will understand the the theme after reading the story until the end finish then know about all elements in the novel. Besides, the author must understand the theme of the story before starting to write the story.

2.3 Character

Character is one of the intrinsic elements in literature. Where, the character has a very important position in a story fiction. Characters are the people that do the action so that created a story.

In a novel, character is very closely related with the plot. Both very closely related between one with others. Plot is usually as a prominent supporter, whereas character is element that sparking the event realize plot.

Roberts (1993:135-136) says, there are five ways that use the author to present their character in, they are action what characters do is our best way to understand what they are. The action may also signal qualities such as naivete, weakness, deceit, a scheming personality, strong inner conflicts, or a realization or growth of some short.

Description, both personal and environmental.Appereance and environment reveal much about a character’s social and economic status, of course, but they also tell us more about character traits. Dramatic statement and thoughts.Altought the speeches of most characters are functional essential to keep the story moving along they provide material from which you can draw conclusions.

Statement by other character. By studying what character say about each other, you can enhance your understanding of the character being discussed. Statement by the author speaking as story teller or observer. What the author, speaking with the authorial voice, says about a character is usually accurate, and the authorial voice can be accepted factually.

Based on different point of view and observation, character devided in to: major character and minor character, protagonist, and antagonist, and flat character and round character.

2.4 Setting

Setting is the time and place which a play takes place. Suitable scenery, costume and props should assist the audience to recognize the setting straight away.

In novels, the setting, the time and place in which the characters are created, may also be crucially significant, not least because writers may use it to convey information about the mood or temperament of the characters themselves, either symbolically or by adopting the characters.

The element of the setting can be differentiated into three principal elements: setting of place, setting of time, and setting of society. Although each of these elements offers different problems and can be discussed separately, but actually they are related and influence each other.

Setting of place directs to the location of the events happened, the use of this place with special name should observer geographical condition of the place. Eachofplaces must have their own characteristic, which make different with another place. Its description between place accurately and realistic is not suitable will make the reader important to give impression.

Setting time is related to the matter of when the events with history, knowledge and the reader perception and then using to try in sphere story. The reader has to enjoy the story based on time. The existence and flowering some or

accuracy time can profitable to give impression to the reader and make the story is really happen in this time.

Setting in social is related to the social life in that place, the tradition of social life embrace many problems in complex scope and to lift up the setting in social in movie the writer should know about the area such as the habits life, tradition, cultural, etc.

2.5 Plot

Plot is the pattern of events and situation in a narrative or dramatic work, as selected and arranged both to emphasize relationships, usually because and effect, between incidents and to elicit a particular kind of interest in the reader or audience, such as to as surprise or suspense. Although in a loose sense the term commonly refers to that sequence of chief events which can be summarized from a story or play, modern criticism often makes a stricter distinction between the plot of a work and its story.

Plot concerns the organization of the main events of a work of fiction. Plot differs from story in that plot is concerned with how events are related, how they are structured, and how they enact change in the major characters. Most plots will trace some process of change in which character are caught up in conflict that is eventually resolved. Plots may be fully integrated or “tightly knit”, or episodic in nature. The plot is how the author arranges events to develop his basic idea; it is the sequence of events having a beginning, middle, and end. The short story usually has one plot so it can be read in one sitting.

The plot is the selected version of events as presented to the reader or audience in a certain order and duration, whereas the story is the full sequence of events as we imagine them to have taken place in their ‘natural’ order and duration. The story, then, is the hypothetical ‘raw material’ of events which we reconstruct from the finished product of the plot. The plot often includes an inciting incident near the beginning of the story, a conflict between opposing forces, rising action leading up to a crisis, or turning point, between the characters and resolution that wraps the story up.

1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 TheBackground of Study

Literature is a term used to describe written or spoken material. Broadlyspeaking, "literature" is used to describe anything from creative writing to more

technical or scientific works, but the term is most commonly used to refer to works of the creative imagination, including works of poetry, drama, fiction, and nonfiction.

Literature is writing or studying of books, valued as works of art. Roberts (1995:1) says, “literature refers to composition that tell stories, dramatize situation, express emotions, and analyze and advocate ideas”. Taylor (1981:1) says that literature is like other arts, it essentially an imaginative act, that is an act of the writer’s imagination in selecting, ordering, and interpreting life experience.

Literature helps us grow, both personally and intellectually. It provides an objective base for knowledge and understanding. It links us with the broader cultural, philosophic, and religious world of which we are a part. It enables us to recognize human dreams and struggles in difference places and times that we would never otherwise to know. It exercises our emotion through interest, concern, tension, excitement, hope, fear, regret, laughter, and sympathy. It encourages us to assist creative, talented people who need recognition and support.

Novel reflects the transformation of the relationship between literature and art.Novel is an invented prose narrative of considerable a length and acertain

complexitythat deals imaginatively with human experience, usually through a connected sequence of events involving group of persons in a specific setting.

Roberts and Jacobs (1993:1) says, “Literature refers to compositions that tellstories, dramatize situation, express emotions, and analyze and advocate ideas. It commons used in poetry, drama, fiction, and nonfiction.”

Carter and McRae (1997:3) says, “Literature is as old as human language, and asnew as tomorrow’s sunrise. And literature is everywhere, not only in books, but in videos, television, radio, CDs, computers, newspapers in all the media of communication where a story is told or an image created.”

. The writer chooses Jhon Green’s novel Paper Towns as the subject matter in this paper. The writer impressed with the adventure and struggle of Quentin to find Margo. Paper Towns is the third novel written by Jhon Green that having interested and good story. The novel explores the coming of age and search of the protagonist, Quentin Jacobsen, for Margo Roth Spiegelman, his neighbor childhood friends. Along his search, Quentin and his friends, Radar, Ben, and Lacey, discover more about the real Margo.

1.2The Problem of Study

Based on the background mentioned above, the problem is: 1) Why didMargo run away?

1.3 The Purpose of Study

The writer is very interesting about the novel, and wants to tell the readers the adventure of Quentin to find Margo in the novel and want to fulfill one of requirement in order to complete the writer education in D-III English Diploma.

1.4 The Scope Of Study

When someone is eager to write a criticism of a novel or a descriptions of a novel there are many glasses can be used to see inside, but on opportunity the writer of this paper wants to see inside the novel just deals with the character and the plot how the main character (Quentin) to find his friend (Margo).

1.5 The Reason for Choosing Topic

The writer decides to choose Jhon Green’s novel Paper Towns as the subject of this paper because the writer thinks that the story of the novel is very interesting with their own personalities to read, and then the novel is including the idea that story is quite interesting and included in the review of literature.

1.6 The Method of Study

In order to write a scientific writing there will be somemethods to be used. For examples, experimental approach, field research, or library research. On this occasion, to write this paper the writer is using the library research. In writing this paper deal with the method applied of course the writer takes all the required data for further analysis from written text. The main data is taken from the original novel and the other needs take from other written texts such as from internet.

ABSTRAK

Kertas karya ini berjudul “The Adventure Of Quentin To Find Margo InJhon Green’s Novel Paper Towns” karya ini membahas petualangan Quentin dan teman-temannya untuk menemukan Margo yang kabur dari rumah. “Paper Towns adalah novel misteri yang ditulis oleh Jhon Green. Novel ini berpusat pada cerita Quentin dan tetangganya yang misterius Margo, yang sangat menyukai misteri hingga ia menjadi misteri. Setelah Margo membawa Quentin dalam petualangan satu malam untuk balas dendam ia tiba-tiba menghilang dan meninggalkan beberapa petunjuk-petunjuk untuk Quentin pecahkan. Pencarian Quentin dan teman-temannya membawa mereka dalamp etualangan yang menggairahkan. Alasan memilih topic kertas karya ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan petualangan yang terdapat dalam novel karya Jhon Green yang berjudul “Paper Towns.” Dalam penulisan kertas karya ini, penulis menggunakan metode perpustakaan, yaitu membaca novel “Paper Towns” dan mempelajarinya berdasarkan buku-buku teori kesusastraan. Disamping itu, penulis juga mengambil beberapa data dari internet.

ABSTRACT

The paper entitled "The Adventure of Quentin To Find Margo In Jhon Green’s Novel Paper Towns" discusses about the adventure of Quentin and his friends to find Margo that run away. “Paper Towns” is a mystery novel written by Jhon Green. This novel story centered on Quentin and his mysterious neighborMargo, who loved mysteriesso much that she became one. After taking him on one night adventure to revenge, she Suddenly disappears and leaving some clues for Quentin to decipher. The search leads Quentin and his friends on an exhilarating adventure. Thereason for choosing this topic to describe the adventure of Quentin to find Margo in Jhon Green’s novel entitled "Paper Towns." In writing this paper,the authors use the library method, namely reading the novel "Paper Towns" and study books by literary theory. In addition, the authors also takes some data from the internet.

THE ADVENTURE OF QUENTIN TO FIND MARGO IN JHON GREEN’S NOVEL PAPER TOWNS

PAPER

WRITTEN By

PUTRI EKA SARI LUBIS NO. REG : 122202051

DIPLOMA-III ENGLISH STUDY PROGRAM FACULTY OF CULTURES STUDY

UNIVERSITY OF NORTH SUMATERA MEDAN

Approved by

Supervisor,

NIP. 195110131979022001 Drs. SyahyarHanum, DPFE.

Submitted to faculty of Culture Studies, University of North Sumatera

in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Diploma (D-III) in English Approved by

Head of Diploma III English Study Program,

NIP. 195211261981121001

Dr. Matius C.A. Sembiring, M.A.

Approved by the Diploma III of English Study Program, Faculty of Culture Studies, University of North Sumatera as a paper for the Diploma (D-III) Examination.

Accepted by:

The Board of Examiners in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Diploma III (D-III) of English Study Program, Faculty of Culture Studies, University of North Sumatera.

The examination is held on July 2015

Faculty of Culture Studies, University of North Sumatera

Dean,

Dr. SyahronLubis, M.A NIP. 195110131976031001

.

Board of Examiners : Signature:

1. Dr. Matius C.A. Sembiring, M.A. (Head of ESP) 2. Dra. Syahrar hanum DPFE (Supervisor)

AUTHOR DECLARATION

I am PUTRI EKA SARI LUBIS, declare that I am the sole author of this paper. Except where the reference is made in the text of this paper, this paper contains nomaterial published elsewhere or extracted in whole or in part from a paper by which I have qualified for or awarded another degree.

No other person’s work has been used without due acknowledgement in the maintext of this paper. This paper has not been submitted for award of another degree inany tertiary education.

Signed : ...

COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

Name : PUTRI EKA SARI LUBIS

Title of Paper : THE ADVENTURE OF QUENTIN TO FIND MARGO IN JHON GREEN’S NOVEL PAPER TOWNS

Qualification : D-III / AhliMadya Study Program : English

1. I am willing that may paper should be available for reproduction at the discretion of the Librarian of the Diploma III English Study Program Faculty of Cultures Studies University of Sumatera Utara on the understanding that users are made aware of their obligation under law of the Republic of Indonesia.

2. I am not willing thatmy papers be made available for reproduction.

Signed : ... Date :...2015

ABSTRAK

Kertas karya ini berjudul “The Adventure Of Quentin To Find Margo InJhon Green’s Novel Paper Towns” karya ini membahas petualangan Quentin dan teman-temannya untuk menemukan Margo yang kabur dari rumah. “Paper Towns adalah novel misteri yang ditulis oleh Jhon Green. Novel ini berpusat pada cerita Quentin dan tetangganya yang misterius Margo, yang sangat menyukai misteri hingga ia menjadi misteri. Setelah Margo membawa Quentin dalam petualangan satu malam untuk balas dendam ia tiba-tiba menghilang dan meninggalkan beberapa petunjuk-petunjuk untuk Quentin pecahkan. Pencarian Quentin dan teman-temannya membawa mereka dalamp etualangan yang menggairahkan. Alasan memilih topic kertas karya ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan petualangan yang terdapat dalam novel karya Jhon Green yang berjudul “Paper Towns.” Dalam penulisan kertas karya ini, penulis menggunakan metode perpustakaan, yaitu membaca novel “Paper Towns” dan mempelajarinya berdasarkan buku-buku teori kesusastraan. Disamping itu, penulis juga mengambil beberapa data dari internet.

ABSTRACT

The paper entitled "The Adventure of Quentin To Find Margo In Jhon Green’s Novel Paper Towns" discusses about the adventure of Quentin and his friends to find Margo that run away. “Paper Towns” is a mystery novel written by Jhon Green. This novel story centered on Quentin and his mysterious neighborMargo, who loved mysteriesso much that she became one. After taking him on one night adventure to revenge, she Suddenly disappears and leaving some clues for Quentin to decipher. The search leads Quentin and his friends on an exhilarating adventure. Thereason for choosing this topic to describe the adventure of Quentin to find Margo in Jhon Green’s novel entitled "Paper Towns." In writing this paper,the authors use the library method, namely reading the novel "Paper Towns" and study books by literary theory. In addition, the authors also takes some data from the internet.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Bismillahirrahmanirrahim.

First of all, I would like to express my grateful to the Almighty Allah SWT who has given me health and capability to finish this paper as my last assigment to finish my study at Diploma III English Study Program University of Sumatera Utara.

Time has been passing so fast that it seems like yesterday when I for the first time came to this faculty as new student in English Department. Now in my last grade in English Department, I have responsibility to make a paper as the requirement on Diploma III (D3)

I would like to express my deepest gratitude, love, and apreciation to:

• My beloved parents, Wahyuli Lubis, SE and Nurhayati, SE for their love and patience, supporting me morally, spiritually, and financially in completing this paper. I love them, because they are the best parents in this world.

• Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A as a Dean of Faculty of Culture Studies, University of Sumatera Utara.

• Dr. Matius C,A, Sembiring, M.A as the Head of Diploma III English Study Program, who given me a lot of knowledge.

• Drs. Syahyar Hanum, DPFE. For the valuable time to give the correct and give constructive criticism in completing this paper.

• Dra. Siti Norma Nasution, M. Hum., as my reader for the correction of this paper.

• All my friends in year of 2012 at English Diploma III thank you very much for all of you, who I cannot mention one by one here for your cares, advices, and support to me.

• To all my friends in senior high school, especially my geng “CHADADU” keep spirit guys!

However, I realize that this paper is still far from being perfect bacause it is not easy to finish it. Therefore, I welcome any constructive criticism and suggestion towards this paper.

Medan, July 2015

The writer,

PUTRI EKA SARI LUBIS Reg. No. 122202051

Table of Contents

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION ... i

COPYRIGHT DECLARATION ... ii

ABSTRAK ... iii

ABSTRACT ... iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... v

TABLE OF CONTENTS ... vii

1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 The Background of Study ... 1

1.2 The Problem of Study ... 2

1.3 The Purpose of Study ... 3

1.4 The Scope of Study ... 3

1.5 The Reason for Choosing Topic ... 3

1.6The Method of Study ... 3

3. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 What is Novel ... 5

2.2 Theme ... 5

2.3 Character ... 6

2.4 Setting ... 7

2.5 Plot ... 8

3. THE DESCRIPTION 3.1 Margo Reasons to Run Away ... 10

3.2 The Adventure of Quentin to Find Margo ... 14

4.CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 4.1 Conclusion ... 25

4.2 Suggestion ... 25

REFERENCES ... 26

COPYRIGHT DECLARATION

Name : PUTRI EKA SARI LUBIS

Title of Paper : THE ADVENTURE OF QUENTIN TO FIND MARGO IN JHON GREEN’S NOVEL PAPER TOWNS

Qualification : D-III / AhliMadya Study Program : English

1. I am willing that may paper should be available for reproduction at the discretion of the Librarian of the Diploma III English Study Program Faculty of Cultures Studies University of Sumatera Utara on the understanding that users are made aware of their obligation under law of the Republic of Indonesia.

2. I am not willing thatmy papers be made available for reproduction.

Signed : ... Date :...2015

iii ABSTRAK

Kertas karya ini berjudul “The Adventure Of Quentin To Find Margo InJhon Green’s Novel Paper Towns” karya ini membahas petualangan Quentin dan teman-temannya untuk menemukan Margo yang kabur dari rumah. “Paper Towns adalah novel misteri yang ditulis oleh Jhon Green. Novel ini berpusat pada cerita Quentin dan tetangganya yang misterius Margo, yang sangat menyukai misteri hingga ia menjadi misteri. Setelah Margo membawa Quentin dalam petualangan satu malam untuk balas dendam ia tiba-tiba menghilang dan meninggalkan beberapa petunjuk-petunjuk untuk Quentin pecahkan. Pencarian Quentin dan teman-temannya membawa mereka dalamp etualangan yang menggairahkan. Alasan memilih topic kertas karya ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan petualangan yang terdapat dalam novel karya Jhon Green yang berjudul “Paper Towns.” Dalam penulisan kertas karya ini, penulis menggunakan metode perpustakaan, yaitu membaca novel “Paper Towns” dan mempelajarinya berdasarkan buku-buku teori kesusastraan. Disamping itu, penulis juga mengambil beberapa data dari internet.

ABSTRACT

The paper entitled "The Adventure of Quentin To Find Margo In Jhon Green’s Novel Paper Towns" discusses about the adventure of Quentin and his friends to find Margo that run away. “Paper Towns” is a mystery novel written by Jhon Green. This novel story centered on Quentin and his mysterious neighborMargo, who loved mysteriesso much that she became one. After taking him on one night adventure to revenge, she Suddenly disappears and leaving some clues for Quentin to decipher. The search leads Quentin and his friends on an exhilarating adventure. Thereason for choosing this topic to describe the adventure of Quentin to find Margo in Jhon Green’s novel entitled "Paper Towns." In writing this paper,the authors use the library method, namely reading the novel "Paper Towns" and study books by literary theory. In addition, the authors also takes some data from the internet.

v

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Bismillahirrahmanirrahim.

First of all, I would like to express my grateful to the Almighty Allah SWT who has given me health and capability to finish this paper as my last assigment to finish my study at Diploma III English Study Program University of Sumatera Utara.

Time has been passing so fast that it seems like yesterday when I for the first time came to this faculty as new student in English Department. Now in my last grade in English Department, I have responsibility to make a paper as the requirement on Diploma III (D3)

I would like to express my deepest gratitude, love, and apreciation to:

• My beloved parents, Wahyuli Lubis, SE and Nurhayati, SE for their love and patience, supporting me morally, spiritually, and financially in completing this paper. I love them, because they are the best parents in this world.

• Dr. Syahron Lubis, M.A as a Dean of Faculty of Culture Studies, University of Sumatera Utara.

• Dr. Matius C,A, Sembiring, M.A as the Head of Diploma III English Study Program, who given me a lot of knowledge.

• Drs. Syahyar Hanum, DPFE. For the valuable time to give the correct and give constructive criticism in completing this paper.

• Dra. Siti Norma Nasution, M. Hum., as my reader for the correction of this paper.

• All my friends in year of 2012 at English Diploma III thank you very much for all of you, who I cannot mention one by one here for your cares, advices, and support to me.

• To all my friends in senior high school, especially my geng “CHADADU” keep spirit guys!

However, I realize that this paper is still far from being perfect bacause it is not easy to finish it. Therefore, I welcome any constructive criticism and suggestion towards this paper.

Medan, July 2015

The writer,

PUTRI EKA SARI LUBIS Reg. No. 122202051

vii

Table of Contents

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION ... i

COPYRIGHT DECLARATION ... ii

ABSTRAK ... iii

ABSTRACT ... iv

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ... v

TABLE OF CONTENTS ... vii

1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 The Background of Study ... 1

1.2 The Problem of Study ... 2

1.3 The Purpose of Study ... 3

1.4 The Scope of Study ... 3

1.5 The Reason for Choosing Topic ... 3

1.6The Method of Study ... 3

3. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 What is Novel ... 5

2.2 Theme ... 5

2.3 Character ... 6

2.4 Setting ... 7

2.5 Plot ... 8

3. THE DESCRIPTION 3.1 Margo Reasons to Run Away ... 10

3.2 The Adventure of Quentin to Find Margo ... 14

4.CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 4.1 Conclusion ... 25

4.2 Suggestion ... 25

REFERENCES ... 26

APPENDICES ... 27