An Analysis of Translation Techniques and Quality of Closed Compound Words in the Novel Paper Towns by John Green.
AN ANALYSIS OF TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES AND QUALITY OF
CLOSED COMPOUND WORDS IN THE NOVEL PAPER TOWNS BY
JOHN GREEN
THESIS
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of a Requirement for Sarjana Degree
at English Department Faculty of Cultural Sciences
Sebelas Maret University
By:
RACHMITA ZULFA ADZKIA QURROTA A’YUN
C0311035
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF CULTURAL SCIENCES
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
SURAKARTA
2016
ii
iii
iv
MOTTO
For indeed, with hardship comes ease. Indeed, with hardship comes ease.
(Q.S. Al-Insyirah 5-6)
Life is like riding a bicycle. To keep your balance, you must keep moving.
(Albert Einstein)
Your time is limited. Don’t waste it living someone else’s life.
(Steve Jobs)
Better late than never.
Better loved by someone than loving someone.
Don’t be stuck at anything you don’t like, better to move into a better place!
(Rachmita Zulfa Adzkia Qurrota A’yun)
v
DEDICATION
I dedicate this thesis conveniently to:
My beloved Mom and Dad
My beloved brothers
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillahirabbil ‘alamiin, all praises to Allah SWT for giving me
everything, especially the blessing and guidance in accomplishing this thesis
entitled
AN ANALYSIS
OF TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES AND
QUALITY OF CLOSED COMPOUND WORDS IN THE NOVEL PAPER
TOWNS BY JOHN GREEN.
I realize that this thesis will never be done without assistance, support, and
help from many people who had helped me. Therefore, many thanks for everyone
who had helped me in completing this thesis and I would like to reveal my great
gratitude to:
1.
Prof. Drs. Riyadi Santosa, M.Ed, Ph.D as the Dean of Faculty of Cultural
Sciences, Sebelas Maret University Surakarta for approving this thesis.
2.
Drs. Agus Hari Wibowo, M.A, Ph.D as the Head of English Department,
Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Sebelas Maret University Surakarta for giving
me admission of this thesis.
3.
Fenty Kusumastuti, S.S., M.Hum as my thesis consultant for the great
advices, times, guidance, patience, and help in completing this thesis.
4.
Ardianna Nuraeni, S.S., M.Hum as my academic supervisor for the assistance
and support during my study.
5.
All lecturers of English Department, Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Sebelas
Maret University Surakarta for the great valuable knowledge.
vii
6.
Bayu Budiharjo, S.S., M.Hum as my data verifier and my rater for the advice,
help, times, kindness and assistance in verifying my research data. Also,
many thanks for sharing knowledge about translation study.
7.
Fatkhuna’imah Rhina Zuliani, S.S., M.Hum as my rater for the help in
assessing the translation quality of my research data. Also, many thanks for
the kindness and sociability through being my rater.
8.
Luthfi Arguby Purnomo, S.S., M.Hum as my rater for the times and
assistance. Also, many thanks for the help in assessing the translation quality
of my research data.
9.
My beloved Papa and Mama for the great prayers and supports in every single
day. Thanks for always be my teachers of life. Also, many thanks for always
guiding and caring me wholeheartedly by giving constructive lessons and
advices when I got problems in any cases especially when finishing this
thesis.
10. My beloved brothers, Dek Vian and Dek Naufal for the supports and prayers.
Thanks for always being my good brothers all the time.
11. My dearest one, Reza Sepdiavirka for the support, prayer, togetherness, and
faithfulness. Many thanks for always accompanying and encouraging me
during completing this thesis.
12. My best friends in IAIN Surakarta, Kiki and Hasan. Many thanks for the
times, helps and assistances in acquainting me to my raters.
13. My best friends in junior high school, Nuhi, Zidni, Alifah, and Ika. Thanks
for the spare time when I need picnic during completing this thesis.
viii
14. My friends in ED 2011 UNS. Thanks for being my friends during college.
Last, I realize that this thesis is far from perfect. Therefore, any constructive
comments and suggestions are very welcomed.
Rachmita Zulfa Adzkia Qurrota A’yun
ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPROVAL OF THE CONSULTANT .......................................................... ii
APPROVAL OF THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS ........................................ iii
PRONOUNCEMENT ...................................................................................... iv
MOTTO ........................................................................................................... v
DEDICATION ................................................................................................. vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................... vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................. x
LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................... xiii
LIST OF DIAGRAM ...................................................................................... xvi
LIST OF APPENDICES ................................................................................. xvii
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... xviii
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION
A. Research Background ..........................................................................
1
B. Problem Statement ..............................................................................
7
C. Research Objectives ............................................................................
7
D. Research Benefits ................................................................................
7
E. Research Limitation ............................................................................
8
F. Thesis Organization ............................................................................
8
x
CHAPTER II. LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Definition of Translation .....................................................................
10
B. Problem in Translation ........................................................................
12
C. Translation Techniques .......................................................................
14
D. Translation Quality ..............................................................................
31
1. Accuracy .........................................................................................
32
2. Acceptability....................................................................................
33
3. Readability .......................................................................................
33
E. Compound words ................................................................................
34
F. Paper Towns Novel .............................................................................
42
G. Review of Related Study .....................................................................
44
CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. Type of Research..................................................................................
46
B. Data and Data Source ..........................................................................
47
C. Sampling Technique ............................................................................
50
D. Method of Data Collection ..................................................................
52
E. Technique of Data Analysis ................................................................
58
F. Research Procedure .............................................................................
61
CHAPTER IV. RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
A. Findings ...............................................................................................
1.
Translation Techniques ................................................................
xi
64
64
2.
1.1
Borrowing ...........................................................................
65
1.2
Calque .................................................................................
67
1.3
Discursive Creation .............................................................
69
1.4
Established Equivalent ........................................................
70
1.5
Generalization .....................................................................
74
1.6
Literal Translation ..............................................................
78
1.7
Particularization ..................................................................
79
1.8
Reduction ............................................................................
81
1.9
Transposition ......................................................................
82
1.10 Couplets ..............................................................................
89
Translation Quality .......................................................................
97
2.1
Accuracy .............................................................................
97
2.2
Acceptability ....................................................................... 104
B. Discussion ........................................................................................... 111
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion ........................................................................................... 121
B. Suggestion ............................................................................................ 123
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDICES
xii
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1
Example of Adaptation Technique ............................................... 15
Table 2.2
Example of Amplication Technique ............................................. 16
Table 2.3
Example of Pure Borrowing Technique ....................................... 17
Table 2.4
Example of Naturalized Borrowing Technique ............................. 18
Table 2.5
Example of Calque Technique ....................................................... 19
Table 2.6
Example of Compensation Technique ........................................... 20
Table 2.7
Example of Description Technique ............................................... 20
Table 2.8
Example of Discursive Creation Technique .................................. 21
Table 2.9
Example of Established Equivalent Technique ............................. 22
Table 2.10
Example of Generalization Technique .......................................... 22
Table 2.11
Example of Linguistic Amplification Technique .......................... 23
Table 2.12
Example of Linguistic Compression Technique ............................ 24
Table 2.13
Example of Literal Translation Technique .................................... 24
Table 2.14
Example of Modulation Technique ............................................... 25
Table 2.15
Example of Particularization Technique........................................ 25
Table 2.16
Example of Reduction Technique.................................................. 26
Table 2.17
Example of Transposition Technique ............................................ 27
Table 2.18
Example of Variation Technique ................................................... 28
Table 2.19
Example of Couplets Technique .................................................... 28
Table 2.20
Example of Through-Translation Technique ................................. 29
xiii
Table 2.21
Example of Shift or Transposition Technique ............................... 30
Table 2.22
Example of Closed Form or Solid Compound............................... 36
Table 2.23
Example of Hyphenated Form ....................................................... 36
Table 2.24
Example of Open Form.................................................................. 37
Table 2.25
Example of Compound Noun (N – N) ........................................... 39
Table 2.26
Example of Compound Noun (Adj – N) ........................................ 39
Table 2.27
Example of Compound Noun (Prep – N) ...................................... 39
Table 2.28
Example of Compound Adjective (N – Adj) ................................. 40
Table 2.29
Example of Compound Adjective (Adj – Adj) .............................. 40
Table 2.30
Example of Compound Adjective (Prep – Adj)............................. 40
Table 2.31
Example of Compound Verb (Prep – V) ....................................... 41
Table 2.32
Example of Compound Verb (V – Prep) ....................................... 41
Table 3.1
Questionnaire Form for Informant ................................................. 54
Table 3.2
Questionnaire Form for Raters ...................................................... 54
Table 3.3
Instruments of Accuracy Assessment ............................................ 55
Table 3.4
Instrument of Acceptability Assessment ....................................... 56
Table 3.5
Domain Analysis............................................................................ 59
Table 3.6
Taxonomy Analysis (Accuracy) ................................................... 60
Table 3.7
Taxonomy Analysis (Acceptability) ............................................. 60
Table 3.8
Componential Analysis .................................................................. 61
Table 4.1
Data Numbers of Pure Borrowing Technique ............................... 65
Table 4.2
Data Numbers of Calque Technique .............................................. 67
Table 4.3
Data Numbers of Discursive Creation Technique ......................... 69
xiv
Table 4.4
Data Numbers of Established Equivalent Technique .................... 70
Table 4.5
Data Numbers of Generalization Technique ................................. 75
Table 4.6
Data Numbers of Literal Translation Technique ........................... 78
Table 4.7
Data Numbers of Particularization Technique............................... 79
Table 4.8
Data Numbers of Reduction Technique......................................... 81
Table 4.9
Data Numbers of Transposition Technique ................................... 83
Table 4.10
Data Numbers of Established Equivalent and Amplification
Technique....................................................................................... 89
Table 4.11
Data Numbers of Transposition and Amplification Technique ..... 91
Table 4.12
Data Numbers of Particularization and Reduction Technique ...... 92
Table 4.13
Data
Numbers
of
Generalization
and
Particularization
Technique....................................................................................... 93
Table 4.14
Data Numbers of Reduction and Amplification Technique .......... 94
Table 4.15
Data Numbers of Established Equivalent and Generalization
Technique....................................................................................... 95
Table 4.16
The Percentage of Translation Technique ..................................... 96
Table 4.17
The Percentage of Translation Accuracy ....................................... 98
Table 4.18
The Percentage of Translation Acceptability................................. 104
xv
LIST OF DIAGRAM
Diagram 3.1 Content Analysis Model by Spradley (Spradley, 1980 in
Santosa, 2012) ............................................................................ 59
xvi
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 1 Questionnaire for Validating Translation Techniques
Appendix 2 Questionnaire about Closed Compound words for Raters
Appendix 3 The Impact of Translation Techniques towards Translation Quality in
terms of Accuracy and Acceptability
Appendix 4 The Informants of Accuracy and Acceptability
xvii
ABSTRACT
Rachmita Zulfa Adzkia Qurrota A’yun. C0311035. 2016. An Analysis of
Translation Techniques and Quality of Closed Compound Words in the
Novel Paper Towns by John Green. Undergraduate Thesis: English
Department. Faculty of Cultural Sciences. Sebelas Maret University
Surakarta.
This research aims to find out the techniques applied by translator in
translating closed compound words in the novel Paper Towns and to analyze the
translation quality in terms of accuracy and acceptability in translating closed
compound words.
This research applied descriptive qualitative method. A purposive sampling
technique was employed in conducting this research. There are 197 data of closed
compound words found in Paper Towns novel. Questionnaire used to assess
accuracy and acceptability of the translation in this research.
The findings show that there are ten techniques applied by the translator in
translating closed compound words. The techniques are: a) borrowing (11 data or
5,61%), b) calque (5 data or 2,55%), c) discursive creation (2 data or 1,02%), d)
established equivalent (64 data or 32,64%), e) generalization (34 data or 17,34%),
f) literal translation (4 data or 2,04%), g) particularization (8 data or 4,08%), h)
reduction (1 data or 0,51%), i) transposition (61 data or 31,11%), and j) couplets
(7 data or 3,57%).
The analysis of translation accuracy of closed compound words presents
that 190 data (96,9%) are accurate and 7 data (3,57%) are less accurate. In terms
of acceptability, there are 187 data (95,37%) are acceptable, 4 data (2,04%) are
less acceptable and 6 data (3,06%) are unacceptable.
Based on the findings, it can be drawn that the techniques used by the
translator influenced the translation quality. The technique which produces the
highest level of accuracy is established equivalent with 63 accurate data (32,13%).
Similar to the level of accuracy, established equivalent technique produces the
highest level of acceptability with 64 acceptable data (32,64%).
In this research, Established Equivalent is the most technique applied by
the translator to translate closed compound words. According to the theory as
stated by Molina and Albir, most data of closed compound words in this research
using the terms that enclosed in dictionaries and known by the target readers. It
means that the terms which are translated using established equivalent technique
are equivalent in the target language.
Keywords: closed compound words, translation technique, translation quality.
xviii
CLOSED COMPOUND WORDS IN THE NOVEL PAPER TOWNS BY
JOHN GREEN
THESIS
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of a Requirement for Sarjana Degree
at English Department Faculty of Cultural Sciences
Sebelas Maret University
By:
RACHMITA ZULFA ADZKIA QURROTA A’YUN
C0311035
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT
FACULTY OF CULTURAL SCIENCES
SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY
SURAKARTA
2016
ii
iii
iv
MOTTO
For indeed, with hardship comes ease. Indeed, with hardship comes ease.
(Q.S. Al-Insyirah 5-6)
Life is like riding a bicycle. To keep your balance, you must keep moving.
(Albert Einstein)
Your time is limited. Don’t waste it living someone else’s life.
(Steve Jobs)
Better late than never.
Better loved by someone than loving someone.
Don’t be stuck at anything you don’t like, better to move into a better place!
(Rachmita Zulfa Adzkia Qurrota A’yun)
v
DEDICATION
I dedicate this thesis conveniently to:
My beloved Mom and Dad
My beloved brothers
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Alhamdulillahirabbil ‘alamiin, all praises to Allah SWT for giving me
everything, especially the blessing and guidance in accomplishing this thesis
entitled
AN ANALYSIS
OF TRANSLATION TECHNIQUES AND
QUALITY OF CLOSED COMPOUND WORDS IN THE NOVEL PAPER
TOWNS BY JOHN GREEN.
I realize that this thesis will never be done without assistance, support, and
help from many people who had helped me. Therefore, many thanks for everyone
who had helped me in completing this thesis and I would like to reveal my great
gratitude to:
1.
Prof. Drs. Riyadi Santosa, M.Ed, Ph.D as the Dean of Faculty of Cultural
Sciences, Sebelas Maret University Surakarta for approving this thesis.
2.
Drs. Agus Hari Wibowo, M.A, Ph.D as the Head of English Department,
Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Sebelas Maret University Surakarta for giving
me admission of this thesis.
3.
Fenty Kusumastuti, S.S., M.Hum as my thesis consultant for the great
advices, times, guidance, patience, and help in completing this thesis.
4.
Ardianna Nuraeni, S.S., M.Hum as my academic supervisor for the assistance
and support during my study.
5.
All lecturers of English Department, Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Sebelas
Maret University Surakarta for the great valuable knowledge.
vii
6.
Bayu Budiharjo, S.S., M.Hum as my data verifier and my rater for the advice,
help, times, kindness and assistance in verifying my research data. Also,
many thanks for sharing knowledge about translation study.
7.
Fatkhuna’imah Rhina Zuliani, S.S., M.Hum as my rater for the help in
assessing the translation quality of my research data. Also, many thanks for
the kindness and sociability through being my rater.
8.
Luthfi Arguby Purnomo, S.S., M.Hum as my rater for the times and
assistance. Also, many thanks for the help in assessing the translation quality
of my research data.
9.
My beloved Papa and Mama for the great prayers and supports in every single
day. Thanks for always be my teachers of life. Also, many thanks for always
guiding and caring me wholeheartedly by giving constructive lessons and
advices when I got problems in any cases especially when finishing this
thesis.
10. My beloved brothers, Dek Vian and Dek Naufal for the supports and prayers.
Thanks for always being my good brothers all the time.
11. My dearest one, Reza Sepdiavirka for the support, prayer, togetherness, and
faithfulness. Many thanks for always accompanying and encouraging me
during completing this thesis.
12. My best friends in IAIN Surakarta, Kiki and Hasan. Many thanks for the
times, helps and assistances in acquainting me to my raters.
13. My best friends in junior high school, Nuhi, Zidni, Alifah, and Ika. Thanks
for the spare time when I need picnic during completing this thesis.
viii
14. My friends in ED 2011 UNS. Thanks for being my friends during college.
Last, I realize that this thesis is far from perfect. Therefore, any constructive
comments and suggestions are very welcomed.
Rachmita Zulfa Adzkia Qurrota A’yun
ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPROVAL OF THE CONSULTANT .......................................................... ii
APPROVAL OF THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS ........................................ iii
PRONOUNCEMENT ...................................................................................... iv
MOTTO ........................................................................................................... v
DEDICATION ................................................................................................. vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................... vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................. x
LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................... xiii
LIST OF DIAGRAM ...................................................................................... xvi
LIST OF APPENDICES ................................................................................. xvii
ABSTRACT .................................................................................................... xviii
CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION
A. Research Background ..........................................................................
1
B. Problem Statement ..............................................................................
7
C. Research Objectives ............................................................................
7
D. Research Benefits ................................................................................
7
E. Research Limitation ............................................................................
8
F. Thesis Organization ............................................................................
8
x
CHAPTER II. LITERATURE REVIEW
A. Definition of Translation .....................................................................
10
B. Problem in Translation ........................................................................
12
C. Translation Techniques .......................................................................
14
D. Translation Quality ..............................................................................
31
1. Accuracy .........................................................................................
32
2. Acceptability....................................................................................
33
3. Readability .......................................................................................
33
E. Compound words ................................................................................
34
F. Paper Towns Novel .............................................................................
42
G. Review of Related Study .....................................................................
44
CHAPTER III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
A. Type of Research..................................................................................
46
B. Data and Data Source ..........................................................................
47
C. Sampling Technique ............................................................................
50
D. Method of Data Collection ..................................................................
52
E. Technique of Data Analysis ................................................................
58
F. Research Procedure .............................................................................
61
CHAPTER IV. RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
A. Findings ...............................................................................................
1.
Translation Techniques ................................................................
xi
64
64
2.
1.1
Borrowing ...........................................................................
65
1.2
Calque .................................................................................
67
1.3
Discursive Creation .............................................................
69
1.4
Established Equivalent ........................................................
70
1.5
Generalization .....................................................................
74
1.6
Literal Translation ..............................................................
78
1.7
Particularization ..................................................................
79
1.8
Reduction ............................................................................
81
1.9
Transposition ......................................................................
82
1.10 Couplets ..............................................................................
89
Translation Quality .......................................................................
97
2.1
Accuracy .............................................................................
97
2.2
Acceptability ....................................................................... 104
B. Discussion ........................................................................................... 111
CHAPTER V. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
A. Conclusion ........................................................................................... 121
B. Suggestion ............................................................................................ 123
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDICES
xii
LIST OF TABLES
Table 2.1
Example of Adaptation Technique ............................................... 15
Table 2.2
Example of Amplication Technique ............................................. 16
Table 2.3
Example of Pure Borrowing Technique ....................................... 17
Table 2.4
Example of Naturalized Borrowing Technique ............................. 18
Table 2.5
Example of Calque Technique ....................................................... 19
Table 2.6
Example of Compensation Technique ........................................... 20
Table 2.7
Example of Description Technique ............................................... 20
Table 2.8
Example of Discursive Creation Technique .................................. 21
Table 2.9
Example of Established Equivalent Technique ............................. 22
Table 2.10
Example of Generalization Technique .......................................... 22
Table 2.11
Example of Linguistic Amplification Technique .......................... 23
Table 2.12
Example of Linguistic Compression Technique ............................ 24
Table 2.13
Example of Literal Translation Technique .................................... 24
Table 2.14
Example of Modulation Technique ............................................... 25
Table 2.15
Example of Particularization Technique........................................ 25
Table 2.16
Example of Reduction Technique.................................................. 26
Table 2.17
Example of Transposition Technique ............................................ 27
Table 2.18
Example of Variation Technique ................................................... 28
Table 2.19
Example of Couplets Technique .................................................... 28
Table 2.20
Example of Through-Translation Technique ................................. 29
xiii
Table 2.21
Example of Shift or Transposition Technique ............................... 30
Table 2.22
Example of Closed Form or Solid Compound............................... 36
Table 2.23
Example of Hyphenated Form ....................................................... 36
Table 2.24
Example of Open Form.................................................................. 37
Table 2.25
Example of Compound Noun (N – N) ........................................... 39
Table 2.26
Example of Compound Noun (Adj – N) ........................................ 39
Table 2.27
Example of Compound Noun (Prep – N) ...................................... 39
Table 2.28
Example of Compound Adjective (N – Adj) ................................. 40
Table 2.29
Example of Compound Adjective (Adj – Adj) .............................. 40
Table 2.30
Example of Compound Adjective (Prep – Adj)............................. 40
Table 2.31
Example of Compound Verb (Prep – V) ....................................... 41
Table 2.32
Example of Compound Verb (V – Prep) ....................................... 41
Table 3.1
Questionnaire Form for Informant ................................................. 54
Table 3.2
Questionnaire Form for Raters ...................................................... 54
Table 3.3
Instruments of Accuracy Assessment ............................................ 55
Table 3.4
Instrument of Acceptability Assessment ....................................... 56
Table 3.5
Domain Analysis............................................................................ 59
Table 3.6
Taxonomy Analysis (Accuracy) ................................................... 60
Table 3.7
Taxonomy Analysis (Acceptability) ............................................. 60
Table 3.8
Componential Analysis .................................................................. 61
Table 4.1
Data Numbers of Pure Borrowing Technique ............................... 65
Table 4.2
Data Numbers of Calque Technique .............................................. 67
Table 4.3
Data Numbers of Discursive Creation Technique ......................... 69
xiv
Table 4.4
Data Numbers of Established Equivalent Technique .................... 70
Table 4.5
Data Numbers of Generalization Technique ................................. 75
Table 4.6
Data Numbers of Literal Translation Technique ........................... 78
Table 4.7
Data Numbers of Particularization Technique............................... 79
Table 4.8
Data Numbers of Reduction Technique......................................... 81
Table 4.9
Data Numbers of Transposition Technique ................................... 83
Table 4.10
Data Numbers of Established Equivalent and Amplification
Technique....................................................................................... 89
Table 4.11
Data Numbers of Transposition and Amplification Technique ..... 91
Table 4.12
Data Numbers of Particularization and Reduction Technique ...... 92
Table 4.13
Data
Numbers
of
Generalization
and
Particularization
Technique....................................................................................... 93
Table 4.14
Data Numbers of Reduction and Amplification Technique .......... 94
Table 4.15
Data Numbers of Established Equivalent and Generalization
Technique....................................................................................... 95
Table 4.16
The Percentage of Translation Technique ..................................... 96
Table 4.17
The Percentage of Translation Accuracy ....................................... 98
Table 4.18
The Percentage of Translation Acceptability................................. 104
xv
LIST OF DIAGRAM
Diagram 3.1 Content Analysis Model by Spradley (Spradley, 1980 in
Santosa, 2012) ............................................................................ 59
xvi
LIST OF APPENDICES
Appendix 1 Questionnaire for Validating Translation Techniques
Appendix 2 Questionnaire about Closed Compound words for Raters
Appendix 3 The Impact of Translation Techniques towards Translation Quality in
terms of Accuracy and Acceptability
Appendix 4 The Informants of Accuracy and Acceptability
xvii
ABSTRACT
Rachmita Zulfa Adzkia Qurrota A’yun. C0311035. 2016. An Analysis of
Translation Techniques and Quality of Closed Compound Words in the
Novel Paper Towns by John Green. Undergraduate Thesis: English
Department. Faculty of Cultural Sciences. Sebelas Maret University
Surakarta.
This research aims to find out the techniques applied by translator in
translating closed compound words in the novel Paper Towns and to analyze the
translation quality in terms of accuracy and acceptability in translating closed
compound words.
This research applied descriptive qualitative method. A purposive sampling
technique was employed in conducting this research. There are 197 data of closed
compound words found in Paper Towns novel. Questionnaire used to assess
accuracy and acceptability of the translation in this research.
The findings show that there are ten techniques applied by the translator in
translating closed compound words. The techniques are: a) borrowing (11 data or
5,61%), b) calque (5 data or 2,55%), c) discursive creation (2 data or 1,02%), d)
established equivalent (64 data or 32,64%), e) generalization (34 data or 17,34%),
f) literal translation (4 data or 2,04%), g) particularization (8 data or 4,08%), h)
reduction (1 data or 0,51%), i) transposition (61 data or 31,11%), and j) couplets
(7 data or 3,57%).
The analysis of translation accuracy of closed compound words presents
that 190 data (96,9%) are accurate and 7 data (3,57%) are less accurate. In terms
of acceptability, there are 187 data (95,37%) are acceptable, 4 data (2,04%) are
less acceptable and 6 data (3,06%) are unacceptable.
Based on the findings, it can be drawn that the techniques used by the
translator influenced the translation quality. The technique which produces the
highest level of accuracy is established equivalent with 63 accurate data (32,13%).
Similar to the level of accuracy, established equivalent technique produces the
highest level of acceptability with 64 acceptable data (32,64%).
In this research, Established Equivalent is the most technique applied by
the translator to translate closed compound words. According to the theory as
stated by Molina and Albir, most data of closed compound words in this research
using the terms that enclosed in dictionaries and known by the target readers. It
means that the terms which are translated using established equivalent technique
are equivalent in the target language.
Keywords: closed compound words, translation technique, translation quality.
xviii