52 Document 3:12 2013–2014 Report
Figure 3 Annual development assistance to clean energy in the core countries during the 2000–2013 period in NOK million
100 200
300 400
500 600
2000 2001
2002 2003
2004 2005
2006 2007
2008 2009
2010 2011
2012 2013
Totalt
Source: Norad’s Norwegian Aid Statistics database
Figure 3 shows that development assistance to clean energy in the core countries has more than doubled following the launch of the Clean Energy for Development
Initiative in 2007. The aid has been between NOK 350 and 550 million annually during the 2008–2013 period. Figure 4 shows how this aid has been distributed among
diferent types of measures during the 2000–2013 period.
Figure 4 Development assistance to clean energy in the core countries during the 2000–2013 period, by type of measure in NOK million
200 400
600 800
1 000 1 200
Ethiopia Liberia Mozambique
Nepal Tanzania
East-T imor
Uganda Development of power
generation from renewable energy sources, excl.
Norfund’s investments
Central and distribution grids Capacity development,
administration and research Norfund’s investments
in renewable energy
The category Renewable power generation includes the sub-categories Power generation renewable sources, Hydroelectric power plants, Solar energy, Geothermal energy, Wind Power and Biomass. The category Capacity building, administration and
research includes Energy policy and administrative planning, Energy education and Energy research.
Source: Norad’s Norwegian Aid Statistics database
Figure 4 shows that there are signiicant diferences in how much aid the core countries received during this period. While Mozambique received more than NOK 1
billion for clean energy, Ethiopia and East Timor received relatively modest amounts; less than NOK 200 million each during the 2000–2013 period. In its response to the
list of questions, the embassy with responsibility for East Timor stated that the
53 Document 3:12 2013–2014 Report
cooperation on clean energy had concluded because the authorities no longer priori- tise clean energy.
The igure also shows that aid to the core countries in the 2000–2013 period was dominated by support for the development of main and distribution grids. In Nepal,
a signiicant share of the aid was spent on a programme that supports small-scale power generation and clean-burning cook stoves. In Ethiopia, the funds were largely
spent on feasibility studies for potential hydropower plants. Norfund’s investments mainly cover two hydropower plants in Uganda and Nepal.
24
4.1.2 Aid to Tanzania
During the 2000–2013 period, Norwegian development assistance to clean energy in Tanzania totalled approximately NOK 750 million. About NOK 550 million was
given during the 2007–2013 period. A large share of the aid was given for the construction of a subsea interconnector, as well as the development of main and
distribution grids on Zanzibar. In 2013, the Ministry of Foreign Afairs entered into an agreement with the Government of Tanzania to provide NOK 700 million in aid over
a period of ive years for rural electriication. Nearly NOK 120 million of this aid was disbursed in 2013.
The energy sector in Tanzania has both low generation capacity and a poorly devel- oped power grid. The annual electricity consumption is about 92 kWh per citizen, less
than 0.5 per cent of the consumption per citizen in Norway.
25
According to the National Household Survey from 2012, 18 per cent of Tanzanian households are
connected to the power grid. Sixty-eight per cent of households in Dar es Salaam are connected to the grid. In other cities, the percentage is 36, while four per cent are
connected in rural areas. The power supply is frequently unstable, and is periodically rationed due to power shortages. This has led large and medium-sized businesses to
install generators to ensure their access to power. Nearly half of all Tanzanian busi- nesses own their own diesel generator.
26
Lack of access to power is cited by Tanzanian businesses as the greatest obstacle by far to engaging in business activities
see Table 1 p. 31. In 2008, the Government of Tanzania prepared an overall plan for the energy sector.
27
The plan includes forecasts of future demand for, and consumption of, power, and concrete plans for how this need will be met with development of both production and
distribution of power. The national development strategy MKUKUTA II
28
from 2010 lists a number of quantiied goals for the sector see Box 1. The strategy also lists
measures to be prioritised, with construction of new power plants, development of new renewable energy, rural electriication and expansion and strengthening of the
main grid as the four items with the highest priority. The Big Results Now initiative was launched in 2013, with energy as one of six prioritised sectors with the aim of
making Tanzania a middle income country by 2025. The primary goal is initially to double the production capacity and power deliveries from 2013 to 2015, and to
achieve 600,000 new power connections.
29
24 Norad’s Norwegian Aid Statistics database.
25 World Bank Development Indicators. Source: http:data.worldbank.orgindicatorEG.USE.ELEC.KH.PC. 26 Government of Tanzania 2012 Long term perspective Plan – Roadmap to a Middle Income Country.
27 The Republic of Tanzania Ministry of Energy and Minerals annual Power Sector Master Plan. 28 Tanzania Ministry of Finance and Economic Affairs 2010 National Strategy for Growth and Reduction of Poverty: MKUKUTA II.
29 Source: http:www.mem.go.tzPortals0EasyDNNNewsDocuments10620064_28062013-Energy_Lab_Report_on_Priority_Pro-
jects_Under_Big_Results_Now_Initiative[1].pdf.
