Previous Study THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
improving the quality of the situation
1
. Indeed, the purpose of the researcher is help the students to improve their ability in writing descriptive text. Then, the
learning objective is reached. Second, Classroom Action Research is a method which should be done continously in the class to know the improvement of the
implementation in every cycle. It is in line with Arikunto’s statement in Iskandar
that “Classroom Action Research is an analysis of learning activities through an
action which is performed and happened in the class simultaneously
2
. In other word, Classroom Action Research is defined as an activity which is done by the
teacher collaborated with other people; the aim is to increase learning process quality in class
3
. Besides, the other some possible reasons in using Classroom Action
Research as a method in this research are: 1.
To know more about the learners problem in teaching and learning process. 2.
To learn more about how far the teacher make an improvement in hisher teaching.
3. To decide an appropriate strategy and media for a certain material
4
. In brief, Classroom Action Research is a research which is done
rationally, systematic, and reflective empiric which is done by the teacher or lecturer collaborated with the researcher to emend and to improve learning
situation.
1
Arifin, Bagaimana Menyiasati PTK Anda Agar Sukses?, Penelitian Tindakan Kelas, Metode dan Paradigma Baru, Bandung: PT. Remaja Rosdakarya, 2011, p. 97.
2
Iskandar, op. cit., p.21.
3
Ibid.
4
Siti Aisyah Ginting and Ridho Sari C. Sitanggang, loc.cit., p. 7.
The method used in this study basically influenced by Kurt Lewin’s
design
5
. This design presents four elements to do, include: planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. Here is the figure of CAR process:
CYCLE 1
CYCLE 2
Figure 3.1 Kurt Lewin’s Action Research Design
5
Rido Kurnianto, et.al., Penelitian Tindakan Kelas, Jakarta: APIS, 2009, p. 20.
PLANNING ACTING
OBSERVING REFLECTING
PLANNING ACTING
REFLECTING OBSERVING
The implementation of Clasroom Action Research CAR based on the Kurt Lewin’s design, in each cycle as follows:
CYCLE 1
CYCLE 2
Figure 3.2 The Phases of Classroom Action Research Modified by the writer
Planning After doing several things to get
scaffolding of the class, such as interviewing the teacher, observing the
class, and giving the pre-test, here the writer and the teacher prepare the lesson
plan, observational guidelines, and the post-test. This phase may take a week
within two cycle. Acting
The writer applies the lesson plan that has been made; that is teaching
descriptive text using mind map strategy. It is includes three meetings
for each cycle.
Observing While the process of teaching-
learning is
taking place,
the collaborator observes the writ
er’s performance, the class situation, and
students’ responses. At the end of cycle 1, the students are given a post
test 1 with the purpose to know
whether or not the students’ make any progress toward improvement. It
is conduct with the same time with action phase.
Reflecting After getting the result of post-test 1, the
writer and the teacher discuss about the implementation of the action. Next, they
make some modification to revise the founded obstacles that may occur in the
first cycle.
Planning The writer and the teacher are together
making a new lesson plan which some emendation in pattern drill strategy, and
also prepare the observational guidelines and post-test.
Acting The teacher implements the new lesson
plan; where students need to be emphasized on using mind mapping
strategy in writing descriptive text.
Reflecting The writer and the teacher discuss about
the result
in implementing
the emendation action. If the target of CAR
has already achieved, the cycle will be stopped. But if it is not, the cycle will
continue to the next one. Observing
The teacher observes the writer ’s
performance, the class situation, and the student’s response. At the end of
cycle two, the students were given the post-test 2. Then, the writer calculates
the score and sees if there is some improvement from the previous test.