3
text rather than fact about the author’s life or the biographical in which it was written. In the word of the texts, the writer can explore every stanza, line and word with his
own analysis. The poem needs to be discussed and analyzed directly by the writer himself, and the writer understands the message and the depth of true meaning
contain on the poem. The writer would pay attention to the formal features of the text, tone and
diction. So, by using descriptive qualitative method, the writer able to analyze two Michele Amas’ poems collected in the main title “Daughter”.
Michele Amas is a poet. She has a background in performing arts and has worked as an actor and director for theatre, television and radio. Her poem ‘Daugther’
was selected for Best New Zealand poems 2005. In these poems, the writer assumes that Michele Amas poems use diction, tone and figure of speech to enrich her poems.
Therefore, the writer becomes interested in analyzing the intrinsic element on Michele Amas’ poem.
B. Research Methodology
Based on the research question above, the writer has the objectives of the research as follows; to describe about the dominant of intrinsic elements utilized in
the poems of babies and the unborn ones and to know their contribution in building the themes between of the poems of babies and the unborn ones.
This Thesis uses descriptive qualitative method, in which the researcher makes a personal assessment as to a description that fits the situation or themes that
4
capture the major categories of information. The data are collected from the sentences that contain intrinsic element in the poem, and then the writer will identify and
interpret those to find out the intrinsic elements and theme of the poems. The instrument of the research is the writer uses himself by identifying the
occurrences of intrinsic element and finding out the theme in the poems throughout many ways such as reading, pointing out, classifying and understanding the poems.
The unit of analysis of this thesis is two poems by Michele Amas’ entitled The Babies and Unborn ones published in New Zealand 2005. The poems accessed on the
website, http:www.victoria.ac.nz. In this research the writer uses intrinsic analysis by reading the poems several
times and finding out the sentences that use the intrinsic element, then the writer will present the meaning of the sentences that contain intrinsic element and discusses
kinds of dominant intrinsic elements in Michele Amas’ poems and their contribution in building the themes of the poems.
This research is conducted on ninth to ten semester in 2009 2010, held in Jakarta, as the last assignment to fulfill the under graduate degree in the Letters and
Humanity faculty, State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta.
5
C. Theoretical Framework
1. The Meaning of Poetry
Laurence Perrine defines poetry as “a kind of language that says more and says it more intensely than ordinary language.”
3
Poetry can both broaden and intensify experience, or it might present a range of experiences beyond the realm
of personal possibility for the individual listener. It can also illuminate, clarify, deepen an everyday occurrence in a way the reader never considered, making the
reader see more and feel more than ever before.
2. The Intrinsic elements of poetry
The intrinsic elements are the analysis of the literature itself without looking the relation with the external aspect.
4
In the intrinsic elements the readers have to analyze several elements. Such as, figure of speech, tone, diction
and etc. There are several elements which make up a good poem. In brief, they are
described below. a.
Tone Tone , in literature, may be defined as the writers or speakers attitude
toward the subject, the audience, or toward herselfhimself.
5
3
Laurence Perrine, and R. A. R.P Sound and sense: An Introduction to poetry, 8
th
ed. Florida: Harcourt Brace College publisher, 1992,p.3.
4
Stanton Robert, An Introduction to Fiction, New York: Holt Rinehart Winston, inc, 1965, p. 11
5
Laurence Perrine and R. A. R. P 1988, op. cit. ,p. 49.
6
b. Diction
Diction, in its origin, primary meaning, refers to the writers or the speakers distinctive vocabulary choices and style of expression.
6
c. Figure of speech
A figure of speech is a use of a word that diverges from its normal meaning, or a phrase with a specialized meaning not based on the literal
meaning of the words in it.
7
There are several kinds of figure of speech 1
Metaphor 2
Synecdoche 3
Symbol d.
Theme Theme is the central idea of literary work.
8
It is the idea, which is embodied in the total of the poem. This is what the poem is all about.
3. Explication
An explication has been defined as an examination of a work of literature for knowledge of each part, for the relations of these parts to each other, and for
their relations to the whole.
9
6
Judith A. Stanford, Responding To literature: Story, poems, plays and essays New York: McGraw Hill,: 2003, p. 47
7
http:grammar.about.comodrhetoricstylea20figures.htm. accessed on April 27, 09
8
Robert DiYanni, Literature: Reading Fiction, poetry and drama New York: McGraw-Hill, 2002, p. 754
7
D. Research Finding
A. Babies
Line Stanza
It’s a feast or a famine 1
with sperm 2
wouldn’t you say? 3
Some days they can lap at your feet 4
other days are shorter. 5
1
I see flakes of babies 6
on hands 7
on shirt fronts 8
on benches 9
on car back-seats. 10
2
The old guy, toothless and cursing 11
wearing socks and jandals 12
is full of babies. 13
3
The college boy 14
has left babies 15
on his sheets this morning. 16
4
1. Explication of Babies
Babies was published in 2005. This poem is about the family life and the way
to spend the time in the care the babies. It is about the speaker and some people with their domestic life’s activities. Starting from the first stanza: “It’s a feast or
a famine”. The poem introduces the sense of the speaker. Here, feast becomes an indication of pleasure or happiness of someone who has got a baby. While,
famine pair with more emphasize on a dislike or a disturbing sense of comfort. The second line emphasizes the real explanation of those words, “With sperm”.
9
Laurence Perrine. Op. Cit. P. 347
8
Here, the speaker explains the activities of some one that stated in the next stanza. In the third line, “wouldn’t you say?” The speaker asks some one as the object
about the result that will happen next. The speaker also describe the possibilities thing occurs later, there are goodness. The goodness and feel comfort explained in
the line 4 “Some days they can lap at your feet”. This word also has been emphasizing with the line 5 “other days are shorter”. Second stanza, the speaker
describes the behavior of the babies with the variety ways “On hand, on shirt fronts, on benches, on the car back-seats”. Those statements were starting with “I
see flakes of babies”. Here, the speaker itself that see the babies and their behaviors. Third stanza, the speaker mentioned badness thing, the speaker shows
in the line 12-13. “wearing socks and jandals is full of babies. Those line starting with “The old guy, toothless and cursing”.
In the last stanza, the speaker talks more about the object of her explanation in this poem. The object here is “the college boy”. Here, the college boy was
explained about the immoral acts done. The college boy also leaves a baby with no responsibility. The action of leave a baby, the reader can see in the line 15-16
“has left babies on his sheets this morning”.
2. Intrinsic Elements in Babies
The intrinsic elements in this poem help the reader easily to understand the theme which is the point of that poem. These are the several intrinsic elements
build in the poem babies.
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1. Metaphor
This poem described a baby with two contradictory things. That is, the feast with famine. Feast more emphasize to something that is happy or pleasure:
when someone has a baby or they feel something different in they life. There are many things that will happen when the child is born, to grow up, such as whining,
hitting, bitting, yelling, and demanding attention. There is pleasure from nurturing the child, and also happiness when getting entertains from the baby. It is also
emphasized in the next verses such as: Some days they can lap at your feet. Michele Amas compares the feast of having baby
with famine. The shape of this aversion seen from the next stanza in which the old guys as people who feel
disturbed, as in the phrase: The old guy, toothless and wearing cursing shock and jandals is full of babies.
2. Symbol
The writer could also find symbols in stanza 4 line 14. There is one found in this poem, the college. The word college according to the Oxford Advanced
Learner’s Dictionary means as institution for higher education; College should be a place to educate students to be better than those who never attend school at all.
Actually, the college is a place where people seek higher education. But here, the college is inversely than the literal meaning, this poem does not use the word to
refer to any better education. College is represented as a place in which the immoral acts take place.
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3. Diction
There are two data found in this poem. Feast and Famine line 1 stanza 1 and the college boy line 14 stanzas 4. In one side, the writer might interpret the
attributing of Feast and Famine as Metaphor and the college as a symbol, but it also could be interpret as diction. Here the feast and famine and college boy was
not literary work only, but it more than what it was. Feast and Famine are used to explain about two things with different
context and meaning. Michele Amas, describe about Feast with the meaning of religious festival and famine with serious shortage of food. In the formal lexical the
word feast is to describe about the situation in the religious part and it was sacral activities. In this poem feast becomes an indication of pleasure or happiness of
someone who has got a baby. The reader can see that the continuation of happiness poem below: “Some day they can lap at your feet”. In this stanza, feast is further
clear that represent of fun and happiness. Beside this, Amas also used the comparison of happiness with the sadness. In the whole life, there were goodness
and badness. It is also not free from lifes lessons, where there is love then there must be grief.
Feast in which represents happiness, side by side with famine, where famine pair with more emphasize on a dislike or a disturbing sense of comfort. The
reader can see the evidence of this aversion in the next poem, which says the word
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famine which representing misery or make other people affected, as in the word.“ The old guy, toothless and cursing wearing socks and jandals is full of babies”.
4. Synecdoche
The word Flakes according to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary means a small, very thin layer or piece of something. Flakes of babies seemed to
refer in part to the overall object. Target object here is the flakes of babies, the pieces or flakes contained in this poem as if it represents many of those babies are
in place; these infants represent fragments of the overall nature of the baby. That is why it is called a synecdoche. Because of these flakes, this means pieces
mentioned in part for the whole object babies. In the second stanza also explained about how the babys behavior with variety ways, there was the buckle, carry, on
the back of the car seat and so forth or in a poem such as: “On hand, on shirt fronts, on benches, on the car back-seats” .
3. The Intrinsic elements contributing in building the theme in Babies
This poem tells about conflict, the conflict here are the domestic family conflict, such as devotion and rage. The reader can see the word devotion
in the figure of speech feast and famine and rage in the last of the first poem, the college boyhas left babies on his sheets this morning. Referring to the
discussion and the intrinsic analysis above the writer concludes that the theme of
the poem is: “The devotion of parents in the care of babies”
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B. The Unborn Ones
Line Stanza
The brothers and sisters 1
how stupid of them 2
to leave it up to me. 3
1
Stupid too 4
the German psychologist’s 5
advice. 6 2
One child will now 7
Bury her parents. 8
3 The brothers and sisters
9 10
Salty baby mammals Have returned to the sea
turning into little grey whales. 11
12 4
1. Explication of The Unborn Ones
The Unborn Ones was published in 2005. This poem is about the
domestic life and bewildered becoming the parents. It is about the speaker and some people with their life’s activities. Starting from the first stanza: “The brothers and
sisters”. The poem introduces about the purposes of the poem are to tells something to the brothers as represent the man and the sisters as represent the woman. In line 2-
3: “how stupid of them to leave it up to me”. The speaker tells to the readers about the silliness of the brother and sister. The kinds of silliness here stated in the word to
leave it up to me. The word ‘it’ may refers to the problem that will be leaved. In the second stanza, the speaker repeats the word stupid: “ Stupid too”. That
word was told by the psychologist like in the line 4-6: “Stupid toothe German psychologist’s advice”. It means, the brothers and sisters has come to the
13
psychologist and ask about solving of their problem, but the psychologist answer that problem with the word stupid too. That word may explain the faults of the brother
and sisters with something that they have done. In the third stanza, the speaker talks more about the result that occurs later.
“One child will nowBury her parents”. The speaker tries to describe the happening that occur later if the brother and sisters leaving the problem. It consequences that the
child will forget their parents because they don’t know who and where is hisher parent. In the last stanza, “ The brothers and sistersSalty baby mammalsHave return
to the sea”. The speaker tells to the brother and sisters that the child sad with the acts of the brothers and sisters to ignorance about the problem of having child. The word
‘salty baby mammals ’ is represent the tears of a baby that was crying, because the taste of tears is salt and mammals as the represent of human itself, because human is a
mammal. And the word ‘sea’ is the word to emphasize that the child if they do not acceptable with their parents they want to ask to return to the uterus. In the last line:
“turning into little grey whales”. The child will be going back the sperm.
2. The Intrinsic elements in The Unborn Ones
The intrinsic elements in this poem help the reader easily to understand the theme which is the point of that poem. These are the several intrinsic elements build
in the poem The Unborn Ones. 1. Symbol
Amas used symbol in line 10 stanza 4: salty baby mammals and also found in
14
line 11 stanza 4: to the sea. Salty here used explain about the baby that crying, where Amas used it previously, in stanza 3 lines 7. Salty baby mammals were not literary
only, but it more than what it were as the stanzas bellow: One child will now
Bury her parents. Salty baby mammals
have returned to the sea turning into little grey whales.
Here, salty in use to replace the word tears, because the taste of tears is salt. The word “baby’ has made clear that the object of someone which is crying is
the baby. In the last sentence, the word mammals explains about the human that life is like mammals, because human is mammals. This word expressed the new idea with
different atmosphere. The salty baby mammals, of course, had a symbolic dimension. The phrase salty baby mammals does not merely mean animal but it refers to the
word crying child on the previous line. In this case, the attitude of the salty baby mammals has the same character or habit with human being.
The symbol also found in this poem, in line 11 stanza 4 to the sea, from the phrase “have returned to the sea”. Here, the speaker
feels that the sea represents the uterus, because the baby does not want to born the world where their parent does
not accept. The sea is the symbol of uterus. The writer can conclude that from the previous sentence ‘have return’.
15
The readers may conclude that the sea in this poem is a symbol because in the previous stanza, Amas explain a salty baby mammal that has returned to their
habits sea or the baby that does not accept but their parents plan to ignorance and the baby if they can to ask they want to return to the uterus before they born yet.
2. Tone Tone in this poem is to consider the speaker’s literal “tone of voice” as
with tone of voice. Tone may indicate an attitude of upset and silliness. The brothers and sisters
how stupid of them to leave it up to me
Stupid too the German psychologist’s
advice. Here, the word stupid is a tone to emphasize the voice of silliness. The
silliness voice may indicate that someone feels something stupid action. Here, is about the act of the brother and sister see the first line. The brothers and sister has
left their problem to the speaker. The reader can see this analysis in the first stanza. “to leave it up to me”. The reader might regard it as the silliness action.
3. The Intrinsic elements contributing in building the theme in The
Unborn Ones
The unborn poem tells about the domestic conflict in the family life, the domestic conflict here is bewildered. The reader can see the bewildered here in the
intrinsic analysis tone, The brothers and sistershow stupid of them to leave it up to me”. So, the intrinsic analysis above made clear the theme of this second poem. The
16
theme in the second poem is “Bewildered to have children and risk occurs later”. E.
Conclusion and Suggestion 1.
Conclusions
After analyzing from chapter before, the writer concludes that the two
poems by Michele Amas “Babies and The Unborn Ones” consist deep meaning in
every poem. The intrinsic elements in every parts of poem used by Michele Amas mostly used two dictions and one tone, and figure of speech such as, one metaphor,
three symbols and one synecdoche to conveyed the philosophical idea that happen generally in the teenager or the domestic family life.
The dominant intrinsic elements in those poems are diction and symbol. Amas perhaps use that dominant intrinsic element to more sensuous than ordinary
language and the meaning more than what it was.
2. Suggestions
The writer suggests to get good understanding about poem, the readers must read the poem many times, because poem is a kind of multi interpreting
language. In one parts of language are using ordinary language which literal meaning, it means the poem can easily to understand and the reader enjoy it. But, in another
chance of language are using verse or a classic written which has deep meaning, and of course it is hard to understand.
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F. Bibliography
Conecticut, Danbury. Encyclopedia Americana International Edition. USA: Scholastic Library Publishing. Inc, 1829.
DiYanni, Robert, Literature:Reading Fiction, poetry and drama. New York: Mc Graw-Hill, 2002.
Effendi. Bimbingan Apresiasi Puisi. Edisi Keempat. Jakarta: Pustaka Jaya. 2002. Endaswara, Suwardi. Metodologi Penelitian Sastra. Yogyakarta: Pustaka
Widyatama, 2003.
Farkhan,Muhammad. Proposal Penelitian Bahasa dan Sastra. Jakarta: Cella Jakarta, 2007.
Farkhan, Muhammad. Penulisan Karya Ilmiah. Jakarta: Cella Jakarta, 2006. Gill, Richard, Mastering English Literature. New York: Mac Millan. Press ltd,
1995. Hewitt, A.H. coming to term with poetry. Lecturer in English Australian
National University, 1965.
Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, diterbitkan oleh Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Jakarta, 1975.
Perrine, Laurence and Thomas R.ARP, Sound and Sense: An Introduction to poetry 8
th
edition. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1992. Robert, Stanton, An Introduction to Fiction, New York: Holt Rinehart
Winston, inc. 1965.
Stanford, Judith A. Responding To literature: Story, poems, plays and essays. New York: McGraw Hill, 2003.
Tarigan, Henry. Prinsip-prinsip dasar Sastra. Bandung: Angkasa, 1993.
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Website:
http:www.victoria.ac.nzmodernlettersbnzp2005amas-note.htm http:classiclit.about.comodliterarytermsgaa_whatisliter.html 250209
http:www.geocities.comathensparthenon9502figrtv.html010609 http:www.flocabulary.comhiphoplanguage.html010609
CURRICULUM VITAE PERSONAL DETAILS
Name : HISBIYALLAH GUFRON
Place and date of birth : Tangerang, March 26 1986 Gender
: Male Religion
: Islam Marital Status
: Unmarried Nationality
: Indonesia Address
: Jl. Raya Serang KM. 31 KpDs. Dangdeur RT. 00401 Jayanti – Tangerang Banten 15610.
Hand phone : 0856-1767-041
Phone : 021 5953707
Email : Hisbi_h2iyahoo.co.id
PARENTS
a. Father
: ZUHRI AL-ANSHARI Occupation :
Entrepreneur Last Education
: Senior High School b.
Mother : NYAI SHAFWATUNNISA
Occupation : Entrepreneur
Last Education : Elementary School
Homes address Jl. Raya Serang KM. 31 KpDs. Dangdeur RT. 00401 Jayanti – Tangerang Banten 15610.
Phone : 021 5953707
19
20
FORMAL EDUCATION Universityschool
FacultyMajoring Year
Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta
English Letters Department
2005-2010 MAN 2 Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 2
Serang Social
2002-2005 MTs. Nurul Haq Balaraja
- 1998-2001
SDN 1 Dangdeur -
1992-1998
ORGANIZATION EXPERIENCES Year Position
2003 - 2004 DPH Osis at MAN 2 SERANG
2005-2006 Committee of Café Bahasa State Islamic University Syarif
Hidayatullah Jakarta
2005 – 2009 HMI HIMPUNAN MAHASISWA ISLAM KOFAH
2006-2007 Publish and Pers Department at BEM-J English Letters
Department State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta
2006-2008 The commitee of FORCE FORUM REMAJA CERIA
BANTEN.
2007-2008 Secretary of BEM-J English Letters Department State Islamic
University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta
2008-2009 Art Department at BEM-Fadab and Humanities Faculty State
Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta
2006-2009 The Valunteer of English teacher at LPM MAESTRO 2012
2009-until now The teacher of Islamic boarding school of Daarul Falah
21
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
