d
The result of this study can be used as a reference for the next researcher who are interested in developing similar study and can bring positive impact in
evaluation process at seventh grade students else.
7
CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
A. Test 1. The Definition of Test
Test is an instrument that is used in the evaluation after teaching and learning process. The test is not only popular in the formal education, but also in the
informal education such as for pre-test, schoolarship test, medical test, exercise test, and others.
1
It means that test can be administered in formal and informal education with different purposes. One of the aims of the test is to evaluate learning activities.
Test is concerned with evaluation in enabling teachers to increase their own effectiveness by making adjustments in their teaching and to enable certain group
of students or individuals in the class to get benefit from learning. Furthermore, test is an instrument that consists of correct answer in every item
that can be administered in oral or written.
2
The item test should have one answer. This answer must be absolutely correct unless the instruction specifies choosing the
best option. Each option should be grammatically correct when placed in the stem, and the option should be as brief and as clear as possible.
Moreover, test is an instrument which uses systematic procedure related to one or more characteristics of a student. The teacher can observe and describe the
characteristics of students and the result of test can be measured by certain categories in score.
3
It means that the test helped the teacher to consider for their characteristics related to their score in doing the test.
1
Zainal Arifin, Evaluasi Pembelajaran, Bandung: PT. Remaja Rosdakarya, 2013, p. 117.
2
Wilmar Tinambunan, Evaluation of Student Achievement, Jakarta: PPLPTK, 1988, p. 3.
3
Anthony J. Nitko, Education Tests and Measurement: An Introduction, USA: Marcourt Brace Jovanovch, Inc., 1983, p. 6.
