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directly about the character. Whereas, indirect manner of characterization the author does not merely tell the characters but shows them to the readers through
how the character looks, what the character does, what the character says, what the character think, and how the character affects other characters Baldick 37
From the previous description, characterization as the significant point in the literary work to built the way of the story and to make the reader more
understand how the story interest to read. There are two features of characterization are direct and indirect.
2.1.4 Psychoanalysis theory
Psychoanalysis theory has related to Psychology of human. Psychology is the endlessly fascinating science of human mind and behavior, and it can be a
rewarding tool for enhancing our understanding and appreciation of literature and of ourselves Gillespie 43.
In Jungian Psychology is what he called ‘individuation’, a process by which the individual i
s helped to harmonise his orher ‘persona’ the self as presented to the world and ‘the shadow’ the darker potentially dangerous side of
the personality that exists in the personal unconscious Carter 80. Psychoanalysis is one of branches from psychology study.
In the Sigmund Freud’s book The Corner Stones of Psychoanalytic Theory, Psychoanalysis assumption that there are unconscious mental processes,
the recognition of the theory of resistance and repression, the appreciation of the
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importance of sexuality and the Oedipus complex these constitute the principal subject-matter of psychoanalysis and the foundations of its theory qtd.Carter 70.
According to Freudian slips, psychoanalysis is through close study of mentally disturbed patient and their symptoms he discovered that knowledge of the
unconcious was accessible through analysis of dreams, symptomatic nervous behaviour and parapraxes. In other hand, the conscious mind cannot cope with
some of the unsavoury truths buried in the unconscious and, when they threaten to surface, represses them attempting in practice to deny their reality. Freud called
neourosis, involving compulsive behaviour and obsessive modes of thinking Carter 71.
Furthermore, Psyhoanalysis is a theory that people should be illustrated by making conscious their unconscious thought and motivations, then obtaining
knowledge. It used to treat depression and anxiety disorder.
2.1.5 The Concept of Desire
Desiring has a two-part structure. For every desire, there is the content of that desire and the attitude of desiring it. Based on Schroeder, Desires are
generally distinguished into three varieties: intrinsic, realizer, and instrumental desires 2. There are:
1 If one desires something as a means to some other end, then one desires it instrumentally.
2 If one desires something because one sees that it realizes some other desire one has, then one desires it as a realizer.
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3 If one desires something not merely as a means or as a realization of another end, but at least in part for its own sake, then one desires it
intrinsically. Between desire and behavior is what makes desires what they are.
In Language,Thought, and Other Biological Categories, Ruth Millikan draws upon evolutionary biology rather than behaviorism for support. On her view, and
simplifying slightly, to desire that P is to have a brain state that other brain states are supposed to respond to by causing the organism to bring it about that P
99. Desires are powerful explainers of everything we associate with desiring. The advantage is desires are, in principle, independent of motivation, independent
of good and bad feelings, independent of where one’s attention turns or what
habits one develops. Desires are independent of all these things in principle, but causally connected to them in fact, and so can explain all of these
thingsSchroeder 7. Hence, Desire is a particular state of mind. There is a corresponding disadvantage to the approach, a desire that does
not have any of the effects that we most commonly associate with desiring. That is, there could be a desire that does not motivate action, does not cause feelings of
joy or sorrow, and so on. Because these are all effects of desires, if the reward- based learning theory of desire were correct, a desire could in principle exist
without having any of these effectsSchroeder 7.
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2.2 Previous Studies
As far as the researcher concerns, the researcher founded some researchers that have connection with the topic. The researcher finds out three researchers that
has correlation with the topic. Firstly, Miftahur Rofiah 2012. A student in the State University of
Malang and the thesis’s title is Comparing the Women in Madame Bovary and
The Awakening. In her thesis, she described about female characters between two novel in nineteenth century France and America.
Secondly, Ulfatul Khadroh 2014. A student in the State Islamic University Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta and the thesis’s title is Women in Conflicts
as Potrayed in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter and Kate Chopin’s The Awakening.
In her thesis, she explained about main character’s conflicts based on the Freudian Psychoanalysis or Sigmund Freud and the resolution to face conflict.
After the previous explanations, the researcher knows that between the previous studies and writer’s analysis has similarities both of them about main
character in the psychological theory. Whereas, both of them also have some differences about the object, theorist, and the characterization of the main
character in their novel each other of the researchers.
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18
CHAPTER III
ANALYSIS
In this chapter, the researcher divides the discussion into two parts. The first part, the researcher will analyze Edna through her characterization. The second
part, the analysis will be about what the effects in Edna ’s desire and how the way
to reach her identity.
3.1. Edna’s Character and Characterization
In this novel the narrator tells the story that began in Grand Isle, a vacation place of Pontellier family. It consists of Leonce Pontellier, Edna Pontellier and
their two children Raoul and Etienne Pontellier. They stay in the Madame Lebrun’s cottage. Edna is Leonce’s wife. In the morning, Leonce leaves her wife
for a business in the city for weeks. Then, Edna spends her days with another vacationer who offers her friendship, Madame Ratignolle. They were spending
their days together with Madame Lebrun’s son, Robert Lebrun. He is a young man. One day, they were playing together in the beach but Edna did not want to
join them.
She is anxious women. At the first time she did not want to play in the beach. Until she makes a reason to her friend that she was tired. Suddenly, she changes
her opinion and joins to play together. It can be seen from the quotation below:
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“Are you going bathing?” asked Robert of Mrs. Pontellier. It was not so much a question as a reminder.
“Oh, no,” she answered, with a tone of indecision. “I’m tired; I think not.” Her glance wandered from his face away toward
the Gulf, whose sonorous murmur reached her like a loving but imperative entreaty.
“Oh, come” he insisted. “You mustn’t miss your bath. Come on. The water must be delicious; it will not hurt
you. Come.”He reached up for her big, rough straw hat that hung on a peg outside the door,
and put it on her head. They descended the steps, and walked away together toward the beach.
The sun was low in the west and the breeze was soft and warm. Ch. 5
She feels confuse for her own individuality, after it happen and she begun feel uncomfortable with Robert’s attention. This condition is strange to
understand and make unpredictable thought for her-self. It can be seen from the quotation below:
At that early period it served but to bewilder her. It moved her to dreams, to thoughtfulness, to the shadowy anguish which had overcome her the
midnight when she had abandoned herself to tears. In short, Mrs. Pontellier was beginning to realize her position in the
universe as a human being, and to recognize her relations as an individual to the world within and about her.
This may seem like a ponderous weight of wisdom to descend upon the soul of a young woman of twenty eight perhaps more wisdom than the
Holy Ghost is usually pleased to vouchsafe to any woman. Ch. 6
She is unconfident woman. Her subtle and appearance was change, and the most obvious to influence by her new friend, Adele Ratignolle. It is according to
the quotation in below:
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Mrs. Pontellier was not a woman given to confidences, a characteristic hitherto contrary to her nature.
Even as a child she had lived her own small life all within herself. Ch. 7
Another description the author illustrates that Creole is a person descended from the original French settlers of Lousiana, especially of the New Orleans area
of Creole is an statement or Edna’s argument, it can be seen from the quotation below:
Mrs. Pontellier, though she had married a Creole, was not thoroughly at home in the society of Creoles; never before
had she been thrown so intimately among them. There were only Creoles
that summer at Lebrun’s. They all knew each other, and felt like one large family, among whom
existed the most amicable relations. A characteristic which distinguished them and which impressed Mrs. Pontellier
most forcibly was their entire absence of prudery. Their freedom of expression was at first incomprehensible to her,
though she had no difficulty in reconciling it with a lofty chastity which in the Creole woman seems to be inborn
and unmistakable. Ch. 4
Her confident appear, Edna is younger than before coming to Grand Isle although she has two children. She was influenced by her friend and her
environment. The culture is Creole, it has been described in the Chapter 1 that Creole’s culture is a warm culture. the Creole society is warm and easygoing, but
women’s roles are rigidly defined within the New Orleans social construct. In the Creole tradition, married women can engage in frank sexual discussions, but
every woman’s actions are as rigidly controlled as they are in any other area of the
country Metzger 8. The narrator describe in the following below:
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That summer at Grand Isle she began to loosen a little the mantle of reserve that had always enveloped her. There may have been there must
have been influences, both subtle and apparent, working in their several ways to induce her to do this; but the most obvious was the influence of
Adèle Ratignolle. The excessive physical charm of the Creole had first attracted her, for
Edna had a sensuous susceptibility to beauty.
Then the candor of the woman’s whole existence, which every one might read, and which formed so striking a contrast to her own habitual reserve
this might have furnished a link. Who can tell what metals the gods use in forging the subtle bond which we
call sympathy, which we might as well call love. Ch. 7
From the quotation above, Edna did not understand all about Creole, but she feel so confident and more confident to use that statement. She is a new
person who has a vacation and stay in Grand Isle. Her behaviour as young women is more beautifull and attractive. She is forgetting her family for a moment.
“Are you asleep?” he asked, bending down close to look at her. “No.” Her eyes gleamed bright and intense, with no sleepy shadows, as
they looked into his. “Do you know it is past one o’clock? Come on,” and he mounted the steps
and went into their room. “Edna” called Mr. Pontellier from within, after a few moments had gone
by. “Don’t wait for me,” she answered. He thrust his head through the door.
“You will take cold out there,” he said, irritably. “What folly is this? Why don’t you come in?”
“It isn’t cold; I have my shawl.” “The mosquitoes will devour you.”
“There are no mosquitoes.” She heard him moving about the room; every sound indi-cating impatience
and irritation. Another time she would have gone in at his request. She would, through habit, have
yielded to his desire; not with any sense of submission or obedience to his compelling wishes, but unthinkingly, as
we walk, move, sit, stand, go through the daily treadmill of the life which has been portioned out to us.
“Edna, dear, are you not coming in soon?” he asked again, this time fondly, with a note of entreaty.“No; I am going to stay out
here.”Ch. 11
